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Anatomy Module 3 > Cerebrum and Limbic System > Flashcards

Cerebrum and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the Cerebrum?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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2
Q

Layers of the cerebrum and their corresponding cells?

A

1.Molecular layer ( plexiform)
2.External Granular layer –
3.External Pyramidal layer –
4.Internal Granular layer -
5.Internal Pyramidal layer
6.Multiform / Polymorphic/ Fusiformlayer –
Horizontal cells of Cajal–spindle shape
small pyramidal cells, stellate& granule cells
medium size
large pyramidal cells , Band of Ballerger
inverted cells of Martinotti

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3
Q

Different Cerebral Lobes?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Insular
  • Limbic
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4
Q

Largest lobe, 1/3 of hemispheric’s surface,

Lies rostral to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure?

A

Frontal Lobe

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5
Q

Functional Divisions of Frontal Lobe?

A 
Primary motor area
Pre-motor / supplemental motor area
Prefrontal area
Broca’s motor speech area
Frontal eyefield
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6
Q

Primary motor area, Brodmann area 4, 1/3 of cortico-spinal tract arises from here?

A

Precentral Gyrus

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7
Q

Which lies rostral to precentral gyrus, brodmann area 6, and 1/3 of the cortico-spinal fibers originates here?

A

Supplemental Motor Area

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8
Q

From which lobe comes from these manifestation of lesions:
–Monoplegia or hemiplegia
–Initial flaccid paralysis
–[+] Babinski reflex

A

Precentral Gyrus

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9
Q

From which lobe comes from these manifestation of lesions:
–Paralysis of the head and eye movements to the opposite side (head and eyes turn “toward” the diseased hemisphere)
–Spasticity
–Increased tendon reflex added to primary motor lesion

A

Supplemental Motor Area

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10
Q

Functions of Supplemental Motor Area?

A

Contralateral head and eye turning
Assumption of posture
Complex patterned movements infrequent rapid incoordinate movements

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11
Q

Function of Precentral Gyrus?

A

contralateral movements of face, arm, leg and trunk

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12
Q

Located in the caudal zone of middle frontal gyrus, Brodmann area 8 and it stimulation leads to conjugate deviation of the eyes to the other side?

A

Frontal Eyefield

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13
Q

Lesions from this lobe results in difficulty in voluntarily moving the eyes to the opposite side?

A

Frontal Eyefield

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14
Q

What are the other Frontal Lobe Gyri?

A

Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus

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15
Q

What are the Inferior Frontal Gyrus Structures?

A 
Pars orbitale 
-Anterior limb of lateral fissure
Pars triangularis
-Ascending limb of lateral fissure
Pars opercularis
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16
Q

What part of the frontal lobe has the components pars opercularis and pars triangularis?

A

Broca’s Speech Area

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17
Q

Has connections with the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic lobe, anterior temporal area, and association areas of the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Prefrontal Area

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18
Q

What are the functions of Prefrontal Area?

A 
Personality
Abstract thinking
Mature judgement
Foresight
Tactfulness
Self-control
Initiative
“Socialization” of certain autonomic functions and emotions
Monitor cortical plan of behavior
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19
Q

What Lesion shows inappropriate jocularity?

A

Witzelsucht

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20
Q

What Lesion shows severe loss of initiative with disinterest and unconcern?

A

Akinetic mutism

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21
Q

What lesion shows grasping and pouting?

A

Primitive reflexes

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22
Q

What lesion shows disturbance of gait?

A

Frontal ataxia

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23
Q

What lesion shows resistance to passive movements of limbs?

A

Paratonia

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24
Q

What lobule is anteriorly bounded by the paracentral sulcus and posteriorly bounded by the marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus?

A

Paracentral Lobule

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25
Q

What is the function of the Paracenral Lobule?

A

cortical inhibition of bladder and bowel voiding

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26
Q

What are the manifestations of lesions in the Paracentral Lobule?

A

Incontinence of urine and feces

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27
Q

Atrophy that lacks general sense of responsibility, sloppiness in habits, vulgar speech and clownfish behavior?

A

Neurosyphilitic Frontal Atrohpy

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28
Q

Posterior to central sulcus and anterior to parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Parietal Lobe

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29
Q

Parietal Lobe Structures?

A 
Postcentral gyrus
Postcentral sulcus
Superior parietal lobule
Intraparietal sulcus
Inferior parietal lobule
-Angular gyrus
-Supramarginal gyrus
30
Q

Granular cortex / sensory cortex, Brodmann areas 3,1,2, and Cortical regions where impulses concerned with tactile and kinesthetic sense from superficial and deep receptors and converge and are somatopically represented?

A

Postcentral Gyrus

31
Q

Functions of Postcentral Gyrus?

A

Receives afferent pathways for appreciation of posture, touch and passive movements

32
Q

Manifestations of lesions in Postcentral Gyrus?

A

Contralateral impairment of touch, pressure and proprioception
Disturbed postural and passive movement sensation
Disturbed localization of touch with loss of two point discrimination
Astereognosis (impaired appreciation of size, shape, texture and weight)
Perceptual rivalry (sensory inattention)

33
Q

Posterior to Brodmann area 3,1,2 which is along the superior border of the Sylvian fissure and its lesions results in impaired pain sensation?

A

Secondary Somesthetic Area

34
Q

What are the other Parietal Structures?

A

Superior Parietal Lobule (Brodmann areas 5 + 7), Intraparietal Sulcus and Inferior Parietal Lobule (Supramarginal gyrus, Angular gyrus)

35
Q

Cortical association areas and mnemonic constellations for understanding and interpreting sensory signals?

A

Inferior Parietal Lobule

36
Q

Function of the Supramarginal Gyrus?

A

Understanding and interpreting sensory signals

37
Q

Manifestations of lesions in Supramarginal Gyrus?

A

Dominant hemisphere (Tactile and propioceptive agnosia) and Non-dominant hemisphere (Confusion in left-right discrimination, Body image disturbance, Apraxia)

38
Q

Surrounds the ascending terminal part of the superior temporal sulcus, Brodmann area 39?

A

Angular Gyrus

39
Q

Functions of Angular Gyrus?

A

Association cortex which has connections with somesthetic, visual and auditory associations areas

40
Q

Manifestations of lesions in Angular Gyrus?

A

Dominant hemisphere

- Alexia and Agraphia

41
Q

Located in the roof of the lateral fissure
•Brodmann area 43
•Primary gustatory area

A

Parietal Operculum

42
Q

Confusion of right and left limbs
Finger agnosia (difficulty in distinguishing finger from hand)
Acalculia
Agraphia

A

Gertsmann’s syndrome

43
Q

Auditory cortex and Wernicke’s speech area is located in the

A

Superior temporal gyrus

44
Q

Dizziness with sensations of turning movement of the body)

A

Vertigo

45
Q

Located on trasverse gyri of Heschl

Brodmann areas 41 + 42

A

Auditory Cortex

46
Q

A non-dominant hemispher problem where there is difficulty appreciating sound, rhythm and music

A

Amusia

47
Q

T or F:

Unilateral lesions have little effect on hearing

A

True

48
Q

Auditory associational area
•Brodmann area 22
•It functions in language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

49
Q

Hears but does not understands

A

Wernicke’s or Receptive dysphasia

50
Q

Most medial protrusion of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

Uncus

51
Q

Results from extensive damage of the striate cortex

A

Anton’s syndrome

52
Q

Located on the banks of the calcarine sulcus

Brodmann area 17

A

Primary Visual Cortex

53
Q

Cortical blindness in the contralateral visual field is a manifestation of lesion in the

A

Primary Visual Cortex

54
Q

Brodmann areas 18 + 19

A

Secondary Visual Area

55
Q

Divides frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central sulcus

56
Q

Separates lateral orbital gyri and medial gyrus rectus

A

Olfactory sulcus

57
Q

A triangular cortical area with the apex directed forward and downward to open into the lateral fissure

A

Insula

58
Q

Opening leading to insular region

A

Limen insula

59
Q

Forms the central core of the hemispheres

Contains both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers

A

Cerebral White Matter

60
Q

Three groups of white matter fibers:

A

–Projection fibers
–Association fibers
–Commisural fibers

61
Q

Carry afferent and efferent information between hemispheric structures and other parts of the CNS

A

Projection Fibers

62
Q

Interconnect different cortical areas within the same hemisphere

A

Associations Fibers

63
Q

Interconnect corresponding areas of each hemispheric cortex

A

Commisural Fibers

64
Q

The Visceral Brain

A

Limbic System

65
Q

Derived from the corpus callosum to the induseum griseum (above) and the hippocampus and dentate gyrus (below)

A

Hippocampal Formation

66
Q

An almond shaped nuclear mass located in the deep medial part of the temporal lobe

A

Amygdala

67
Q

Lesions produce docility

Stimulation produces rage reaction

A

Amygdala

68
Q

Concerned with emotion

Parts of the limbic lobe and diencephalon

A

Papez Circuit

69
Q

Bilateral lesions destroying the amygdala and hippocampus in male monkeys manifestations include hypersexuality, marked absence of emotional response etc

A

Kluver–Bucy Syndrome

70
Q

Profound loss of the ability to acquire new information

Seen in bilateral damage of the medial temporal lobe

A

Anterograde Amnesia

Anatomy Module 3 (4 decks)

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