Cervical, Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexuses Flashcards
Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System?
Central NS & Peripheral NS
Formed by the anterior rami of the first four cervical nerves?
Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus is covered in front by the ______ of __________ and related to the Internal Jugular vein.
Prevertebral layer
Deep cervical fascia
Cutaneous branch:
Lateral part of occipital region and medial surface of the auricle?
Lesser Occipital(C2)
Cutaneous branch:
Angle of the mandible, parotid gland and auricle?
Greater Auricular(C2 and C3)
Cutaneous branch:
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the neck?
Transverse cutaneous(C2 and C3)
Cutaneous branch:
Chest wall, shoulder and upper half on deltoid region
Supraclavicular(C3 and C4)
Muscular Branch:
Prevertebral; Sternocleidomastoid (Proprioceptive)
C2 and C3
Muscular Branch:
Levator scapulae; Trapezius (Proprioceptive)
C2 and C4–
Muscular Branch:
Omohyoid, Sternohyoidand Sternothyroid
Ansa Cervicalis
Formed by fibers from union of Hypoglossal and C1 nerves(Descending branch) unites with Descending Cervical (C2 and C3)
Ansa Cervicalis
Only motor nerve supply to the Diaphragm and Arises from C3, C4 and C5?
Phrenic Nerve
T or F:
Can be injured by penetrating wounds in the neck–paralyzed half of the diaphragm relaxes and is pushed up into the thorax–lower lobe on the affected side will collapse.
T
BRACHIAL PLEXUS has
_ ROOTS = _ TRUNKS = _ DIVISIONS = _ CORDS
5 ROOTS = 3 TRUNKS = 6 DIVISIONS = 3 CORDS
Branches of Roots?
Dorsal Scapular(C5) Long Thoracic( C5 –C7)
Branches of Upper trunk?
Nerve to Subclavius(C5 and C6)
Suprascapular(C5 and C6)
Branches of lateral cord?
Lateral Pectoral (C5 –C7)
Musculocutaneous (C5 –C7)
Lateral root of MEDIAN (C5, C6and C7)
Branches of Medial Cord?
Medial Pectoral(C8 –T1) Medial cutaneous nerve of arm(C8 –T1) Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm(C8– T1) ULNAR(C8 –T1) Medial root of MEDIAN (C8 andT1)
Syndrom where results from lesion of the C5 and C6ventral rami in the superior trunk of the plexus?
Erb –Duchenne’s syndrome
Syndrome where the proximal musculature in the upper limb is mainly affected?
Erb –Duchenne’s syndrome
Syndrome where the upper limb is held in a “waiter’s tip” position; arm is adducted, extended and medially rotated; forearm is pronated and the carpal flexors flex the hand at the wrist?
Erb –Duchenne’s syndrome
Results from compression of the C8 and T1ventral rami in the inferior trunk of the plexus?
Klumpke’s paralysis
Altered sensation in the medial hand, ring and little finger and weakness of the intrinsic muscles of hand–combination of an “ape hand” and a “claw hand”?
Klumpke’s paralysis
Most commonly injured as it courses superficial to the Serratus anterioron the lateral wall of the thorax?
Long Thoracic nerve lesions
Patients cannot hold the vertebral border of the scapula flat against the back and may have a “winging” of the vertebral border
Long Thoracic nerve lesions
Injury caused by blowsor surgical injuryin axilla, weight lifting or carrying heavy objecton the shoulder?
LONG THORACICnerve injury–
May be injured as a result of a dislocation of the head of the humerusor by a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
Axillary nerve lesions
Lesion where weakness in flexion of the forearm at the elbowand weakness in supination?
Musculocutaneous nerve lesions
Weakness in the ability to extend the hand at the wristand a loss of extensionat the MP joints of all digits?
Wristdrop
May experience pain and paresthesia in skin over the first dorsal interosseous muscle between the thumb and index finger
Radial nerve lesions
Proximal lesion where supracondylar fracture of the humerus, compression between heads of pronator teres muscle?
Median nerve lesions
Index and middle fingers remain extended when attempting to flex in making a fist
Hand of benediction
Experience numbness and pain over the palmar aspects of thumb, index and middle fingers?
Median nerve lesions
Weakness in opposition of thumb, remains adducted and extended?
Ape hand-
Proximal lesion where medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve lesions
Lesion where weakness in flexion of medial fingers, flexion at wrist?
Ulnar nerve lesions
Caused by weakness of the medial 2 lumbricals that flex the MP joints and extend the IP joints of the ring and little fingers?
Ulnar nerve lesions
Formed within the Psoas majormuscle by the ventral rami of L1 –L4?
Lumbar Plexus
Branches from L1; emerges from the lateral border of Psoas and runs in front of Quadratus lumborum?
Iliohypogastric
This branch supplies the skin of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall.
Iliohypogastric
Branch from L1; emerges from the lateral borderof Psoas and runs in front of Quadratus lumborum?
Ilioinguinal
Passes through the Inguinal canal to supply the skin of the groin and the scrotum / labia majora?
Ilioinguinal
Branch from L1 and L2; emerges from the anterior surface of Psoas?
Genitofemoral
Branch from L2 and L3;emerges from the lateral border of Psoas, crosses the Iliacus and enters the thigh behind the Inguinal ligament
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Supplies the skin over the lateral surface of the thigh
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Largest branch of the
lumbar plexus, from L2,L3,L4; emerges from lateral borderof Psoas?
Femoral Nerve
Nerve that supplies the muscles on the anterior thigh and skin on the antero-medial aspect
Femoral Nerve
Nerve where lesions may be damaged in the abdomen by an abscess of the Psoas major
Femoral Nerve
From L2,L3,L4
Emerges from the medial border of Psoas
Supplies the medial thigh muscles and
skin on the medial aspect of thigh
Obturator nerve
- Most commonly lesioned in the Pelvis
- Patients are unable to adduct the thighat the hip
- Paresthesia in the skin of the medial thigh
Obturator nerve lesions
Lies on the posterior pelvic wall in front of the Piriformis muscle.
Formed by the anterior rami of L4 and L5 and S1 –S4.
Sacral Plexus
Largest nerve in the body. From L4 –S3. Emerges from the greater sciatic foramen
Sciatic Nerve
Susceptible to damage from an IM injection in the lower medial quadrant of the gluteus maximus muscleor it may be compressed as a result of a posterior dislocation of the femur
Sciatic nerve lesions
L5 and S1 roots are commonly compressed–pain that radiates into the L5 and S1 dermatomes of the leg and foot
Sciatic nerve lesions
Results to weakened abductionof the thigh by gluteus medius: -Gluteus medius limp -Gluteal gait -(+) Trendelenburg sign
Superior Gluteal nerve injury
Nerve Lesions where weakness in the ability to laterally rotate and extend the thigh at hip joint.
Inferior Gluteal nerve lesions
Difficulty extending the thigh at the hip from a flexed position, as in climbing stairs or rising from a chair.
Inferior Gluteal nerve lesions
Nerve which leaves the main pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen and enters perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen
Pudendal nerve
The Inferior rectal branch of the Pudendal nerve consists of?
Perianal skin ext. anal sphincter, mucous membrane –lower anal canal
The Dorsal nerve of Penis / Clitoris perineal branch of the Pudendal nerve consists of?
Perineal muscles / skin
