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Head and Neck Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerve I

A

olfactory nerve

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2
Q

olfactory nerve location

A

olfactory tract

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3
Q

olfactory nerve field of innervation

A

olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity

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4
Q

olfactory nerve type

A

sensory

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5
Q

olfactory nerve function

A

smell

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6
Q

olfactory nerve foramen

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid

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7
Q

olfactory nerve signs of damage

A

anosmia

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8
Q

cranial nerve II

A

optic

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9
Q

optic nerve type

A

sensory

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10
Q

optic nerve location

A

thalamus

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11
Q

optic nerve foramen

A

optic canal

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12
Q

optic nerve field of innervation

A

retina

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13
Q

optic nerve signs of damage

A

blindness

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14
Q

optic nerve function

A

vision

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15
Q

cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor

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16
Q

oculomotor type

A

motor

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17
Q

oculomotor location

A

midbrain

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18
Q

occulomotor foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

oculomotor field of innervation

A

all extraocular muscles except for the lateral rectus and superior oblique

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20
Q

oculomotor function

A

Eyelid opening, eyeball movement, pupil constriction

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21
Q

oculomotor signs of damage

A

Ptosis (eyelid drooping) and diplopia (double vision)

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22
Q

cranial nerve IV

A

trochclear

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23
Q

trochlear location

A

midbrain

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24
Q

trochlear type

A

motor

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25
Q

trochlear foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

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26
Q

trochlear field of innervation

A

superior oblique muscle

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27
Q

trochlear function

A

Eye movement (depression of adducted eye)

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28
Q

trochlear signs of damge

A
  • Diplopia
  • Weakness of downward eye movement
  • Affected eye drifts upward
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29
Q

cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal

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30
Q

trigeminal branches

A
  • ophthalmic
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
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31
Q

maxillary foramen

A

foramen rotundum

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32
Q

mandibular foramen

A

foramen ovale

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33
Q

ophthalmic foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

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34
Q

ophthalmic type

A

sensory

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35
Q

maxillary type

A

sensory

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36
Q

mandibular type

A

sensory and motor

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37
Q

trigeminal location

A

pons & extending midbrain through medulla

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38
Q

sensory branches of trigeminal fields of innervation

A

Scalp, face, orbit, paranasal sinuses, anterior two-thirds of the tongue

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39
Q

motor branches of trigeminal fields of innervation

A

Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani muscles

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40
Q

ophthalmic and maxillary function

A

Face, cheeks, lips, jaw, forehead, eyes, eyebrows, nose – pain, temperature, touch, proprioception

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41
Q

sensory aspect of mandibular function

A

Interior/exterior jaw and TMJ.
Sensation to superficial and deep structures of face, mucous membrane of upper mouth, palate, tongue.
Sensation of shape and texture in mouth.
Sensation to palate and pharynx.

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42
Q

motor aspect of mandibular function

A

Mastication, jaw lateralisation, and closure. Assists with:
* Upward/ anterior movement of larynx
* Backward movement of tongue to soft palate
* Palatal elevation (tenses soft palate)
* Posterior pharyngeal wall constriction

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43
Q

ophthalmic and maxillary signs of damage

A
  • Facial anaesthesia
  • Loss of temperature/pain sensation
  • Loss of sensation of superficial and deep structures
  • Loss of sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue
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44
Q

mandibular signs of damage

A
  • Weakness, asymmetry, tremors or fasciculations (contractions/twitches) in jaw
  • Weakness in jaw lateralisation and closure
  • Loss of/weak mastication
  • Jaw deviates to weak/paralysed side
  • Flaccid soft palate
  • Decreased hyolaryngeal excursion
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45
Q

cranial nerve VI

A

abducent

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46
Q

abduscent foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

47
Q

abducent location

A

pons

48
Q

abducent type

A

motor

49
Q

abducent function

A

eye movement (abduction)

50
Q

abducent field of innervation

A

lateral rectus muscle

51
Q

abducent signs of damage

A

medial eye deviation

52
Q

cranial nerve VII

A

facial nerve

53
Q

facial nerve foramen

A

internal acoustic meatus & stylomastoid foramen

54
Q

facial nerve type

A

motor and sensory

55
Q

sensory aspect of facial field of innervation

A

middle ear, nasal cavity, soft palate; external auditory meatus; anterior two-thirds of tingue - chorda tympani

56
Q

motor aspect of facial field of innervation

A

lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, basal, palatine glands; muscles of facial expression

57
Q

facial function

A
  • Facial expression
  • Taste
  • Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands)
  • Lacrimation
  • Mandibular Depression
  • Contributes to Hyoid elevation
58
Q

facial signs of damage

A
  • Paralysis of facial muscles (hyperacusis)
  • Poor labial retraction and pursing
  • Poor lip seal
  • Reduced hyoid elevation
  • Dry mouth, loss of lacrimation (tears)
  • Diminished jaw opening/closing
  • Loss of taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
59
Q

cranial nerve VII

A

vestibulo-cochlear

60
Q

vestibulo-cochlear foramen

A

internal acoustic meatus

61
Q

vestibulo-cochlear type

A

sensory

62
Q

vestibulo-cochlear location

A

medulla

63
Q

vestibulo-cochlear field of innervation

A

Spiral organ (of Corti), macula of utricle, macula of saccule, ampullae of the semicircular canals

64
Q

vestibulo-cochlear function

A

balance and hearing

65
Q

vestibulo-cochlear signs of damage

A

vertigo, disequlibrium, nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic side-to-side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes), poor hearing

66
Q

cranial nerve IX

A

glosso-pharyngeal

67
Q

glosso-pharyngeal location

A

medulla

68
Q

glosso-pharyngeal foramen

A

jugular foramen

69
Q

glosso-pharyngeal type

A

motor and sensory

70
Q

sensory aspect of glosso-pharyngeal field of innervation

A

posterior one-third of the tongue; middle ear, pharynx, epiglottis, carotid body, carotid sinus; soft palate

71
Q

motor aspect of glosso-pharyngeal field of innervation

A

stylopharyngeus and pharyngeal constrictors; parotid gland

72
Q

function of glosso-pharyngeal

A

Elevation of larynx and pharynx

Dilation of pharynx via stylopharyngeus contributing to epiglottic excursion
Taste/sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
Sensation of tonsils, soft palate, and upper pharynx
Sensory portion of pharyngeal gag
Salivation (parotid gland)

73
Q

function of glosso-pharyngeal

A
  • Elevation of larynx and pharynx
  • Dilation of pharynx via stylopharyngeus contributing to epiglottic excursion
  • Taste/sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Sensation of tonsils, soft palate, and upper pharynx
  • Sensory portion of pharyngeal gag
  • Salivation (parotid gland)
74
Q

glosso-pharyngeal signs of damage

A
  • Weak cough reflex
  • Damage on instrumental exam
  • Loss of taste and sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Reduced gag reflex due to reduced sensation
75
Q

cranial nerve X

A

vagus

76
Q

vagus nerve foramen

A

jugular foramen

77
Q

vagus braches

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve

78
Q

vagus type

A

motor and sensory

79
Q

vagus location

A

medulla

80
Q

sensory aspect of vagus field of innervation

A

epiglottis; thoracic and abdominal viscera, carotid body; external acoustic meatus, retroauricular skin, posterior part of meninges

81
Q

sensory aspect of vagus field of innervation

A

epiglottis; thoracic and abdominal viscera, carotid body; external acoustic meatus, retroauricular skin, posterior part of meninges

82
Q

motor aspect of vagus field of innervation

A

thoracic and abdominal viscera; laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles

83
Q

sensory aspect of vagus function

A

Palate, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, lungs
Taste receptors in posterior oral cavity

84
Q

sensory aspect of recurrent laryngeal nerve function

A

sensation below true vocal cords

85
Q

sensory aspect of superior laryngeal nerve function

A

Posterior tongue and larynx above true vocal cords
Taste in epiglottis and pharynx

86
Q

motor aspect of vagus function

A
  • Elevation/depression of soft palate
  • Elevation of posterior tongue
  • Elevation/closure of larynx
  • Lowering of larynx after swallow
87
Q

motor aspect of recurrent laryngeal nerve function

A

Muscles of intrinsic larynx (except cricothyroid) and cricopharyngeus muscle

88
Q

motor aspect of superior laryngeal nerve function

A
  • Cricothyroid
  • Pharyngeal contraction
  • Relaxation of cricopharyngeal muscle
  • Oesophageal peristalsis
  • Cardiac, GI tract respiration
89
Q

vagus signs of damage

A
  • Loss of gag reflex, soft palate and uvula will deviate to non-damaged side
  • Loss of cough reflex (larynx/pharynx)
  • Loss of taste (hard palate/base of tongue)
  • Hypernasality
  • Dysphonia (wet, hoarse, breathy etc.)
  • Inability to vary pitch (damage of SLN branch which innervates cricothyroid)
  • Dysphasia
  • Impaired laryngeal closure
  • Impaired true vocal cord adduction
90
Q

cranial nerve XI

A

cranial accessory

91
Q

cranial accessory location

A

medulla

92
Q

cranial accessory foramen

A

jugular foramen

93
Q

cranial accesspry type

A

motor

94
Q

cranial accesspry type

A

motor

95
Q

cranial accessory field of innervation

A

Laryngeal muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

96
Q

cranial accessory function

A
  • Raising soft palate
  • Narrowing and elevating of lateral pharyngeal wall
  • Narrowing and elevating of posterior tongue
97
Q

cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal

98
Q

cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal

99
Q

hypoglossal location

A

medial medulla

100
Q

hypoglossal type

A

motor

101
Q

hypoglossal field of innervation

A

Intrinsic tongue muscles, extrinsic tongue muscles (except for the palatoglossus)

102
Q

hypoglossal function

A

Intrinsic tongue muscles, extrinsic tongue muscles (except for the palatoglossus)

103
Q

hypoglossal signs of damage

A
  • Atrophy of tongue muscles, fasciculations
  • Deviation of tongue to weak side
  • LMN lesion: weakness of ipsilateral tongue
  • UMN lesion: weakness of contralateral side
104
Q

spinal accessory location

A

cervical cord

105
Q

spinal accessory field of innervation

A

sternomastoid and trapezius

106
Q

spinal accessory field of innervation

A

sternomastoid and trapezius

107
Q

spinal accessory function

A

head and neck movement

108
Q

spinal accessory signs of damage

A

head turning/shoulder shrugging weakness

109
Q

mandibular foramen

A

foramen ovale

110
Q

abduscent foramen

A

superior orbital fissure

111
Q

facial nerve foramen

A

internal acoustic meatus & stylomastoid foramen

112
Q

cranial accessory foramen

A

jugular foramen

113
Q

hypoglossal foramen

A

hypoglossal canal

114
Q

spinal accessory foramen

A

foramen magnum

Head and Neck Anatomy (10 decks)

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