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CRANIAL NERVES Flashcards

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1
Q

Cranial Nerve I
is for which nerve?

A

OLFACTORY NERVE
Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are suspected or patients report abnormal smell or taste.

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2
Q

Smell is part of which Cranial Nerve ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE I
Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are susSmell is a function of which Cranial Nervepected or patients report abnormal smell or taste.

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3
Q

Which Cranial Nerve do you test
* AFTER A HEAD TRAUMA OR
* WHEN LESIONS OF THE ANTERIOR FOSA (E.G
MENINGIOMA) OR
* WHEN PATIENTS REPORT ABNORMAL SMELL OR
TASTE ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE I (OLFACTORY NERVE) IS TESTED WHEN:

Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are suspected or patients report abnormal smell or taste.

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4
Q

IS THE CRANIAL NERVE I SENSORY, MOTOR OR BOTH ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE I (OLFACTORY NERVE) IS A SENSORY NERVE
Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more.

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve II is for which nerve ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE II is for the OPTIC NERVE
Visual acuity is tested using a Snellen chart for distance vision or a handheld chart for near vision; each eye is assessed individually, with the other eye covered.

Color perception is tested using standard pseudoisochromatic Ishihara or Hardy-Rand-Ritter plates that have numbers or figures embedded in a field of specifically colored dots.

Visual fields are tested by directed confrontation in all 4 visual quadrants. Direct and consensual pupillary responses are tested.
Funduscopic examination is also done.

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6
Q

Which nerve is being tested when we test for
Visual acuity
Color Perception
Visual Fields
Fundoscopic examination ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE II is for the OPTIC NERVE
Visual acuity is tested using a Snellen chart for distance vision or a handheld chart for near vision; each eye is assessed individually, with the other eye covered.

Color perception is tested using standard pseudoisochromatic Ishihara or Hardy-Rand-Ritter plates that have numbers or figures embedded in a field of specifically colored dots.

Visual fields are tested by directed confrontation in all 4 visual quadrants.

Direct and consensual pupillary responses are tested.

Funduscopic examination is also done.

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7
Q

When using a Snellen Chart, what are we testing ?

A

Visual Acuity (Cranial nerve II the Optic Nerve)

Visual acuity is tested using a Snellen chart for distance vision or a handheld chart for near vision; each eye is assessed individually, with the other eye covered.

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8
Q

When using a pseudoisochromatic Ishihara or Hardy-Rand-Ritter plates what are you testing for and which cranial nerve is being tested ?

A

Color perception (color blind) is tested using standard pseudoisochromatic Ishihara or Hardy-Rand-Ritter plates that have numbers or figures embedded in a field of specifically colored dots.

Cranial Nerve II - Optic Nerve

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9
Q

When testing for Visual fields what are you testing for and which cranial nerve is being tested ?

A

Visual field are being tested by direct confrontation in all 4 visual quadrants
Have the patient look directly at your eye or nose
and test each quadrant in the patient’s visual field
by having them count the number of fingers that
you are showing. Test of one eye at a time. It is
useful for the examiner to close one eye so that
one can determine if the patient is seeing
appropriately in their visual field.)

Cranial Nerve II - Optic Nerve

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10
Q

What is PERRLA ?

A

Pupils are Equal & Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

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11
Q

What is direct and consensual pupillary response and which Cranial Nerve is being tested ?

A

Direct and consensual pupillary responses are tested.
check for pupillary response by shining light to one
eye. The pupil should constrict.
Consensual pupillary response or pupillary reflex is
when shining a light to the right eye and the left
eye’s pupil constricts.

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12
Q

WHAT TYPE OF EXAMINATION IS DONE TO GET A
VISUALIZATION OF
THE RETINA,
THE OPTIC DISK AND
THE BLOOD & RETINAL VESSELS ?

A

Fundoscopic examination

    Ophthalmoscopy (also called fundoscopy) is an 
    exam your doctor, optometrist, or ophthalmologist 
    uses to look into the back of your eye. 
    With it, they can see the retina (which senses light 
     and images), the optic disk (where the optic nerve 
     takes the information to the brain), and blood 
     vessels
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13
Q

What Cranial Nerve is being examined with a Fundoscopic examination ?

A

Cranial Nerve II - Optic Nerve

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14
Q

Is the Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II) a sensory, Motor or both ?

A

SENSORY

Some(1) say(2) Marry(3) money(4), but(5) my(6) brother(7) says(8) big(9) brains(10) matter(11) more(12)

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15
Q

Which Cranial Nerves test is for EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS
* Symmetry of movement,
* Globe position,
*Asymmetry or droop of the eyelids (ptosis),
* twitches or flutters of globes or lids.
* nystagmus and palsies of the ocular muscles ?

A

CN III (oculomotor),
CN IV (trochlear),
CN VI (abducens)
MOTOR
The eyes are observed for
symmetry of movement,
globe position,
asymmetry or droop of the eyelids (ptosis),
and twitches or flutters of globes or lids.

Extraocular movements controlled by these nerves(III, IV, VI) are tested by asking the patient to follow a moving target (eg, examiner’s finger, penlight) to all 4 quadrants (including across the midline) and toward the tip of the nose; this test can detect
nystagmus and palsies of ocular muscles.
Brief fine amplitude nystagmus at end-lateral gaze is normal.
Anisocoria or differences in pupillary size should be noted in a dimly lit room.
The pupillary light response is tested for symmetry and briskness. (nerves II sensory response-afferent and III motor response-efferent)

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16
Q

WHICH NERVE IS THE TROCHLEAR NERVE?

A

CN IV

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17
Q

WHICH NERVE TESTS FOR THE Ability to move your eyes up and down or back and forth ?

A

CN IV TROCHLEAR NERVE
MOTOR

Some(1) say(2) Marry(3) money(4), but(5) my(6) brother(7) says(8) big(9) brains(10) matter(11) more(12)

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18
Q

WHICH NERVES TEST FOR THE ABILITY TO follow a moving target (eg, examiner’s finger, penlight) to all 4 quadrants (including across the midline) and toward the tip of the nose ?

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS TEST DETECT ?

A

TESTING THE EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS

NERVE III OCULOMOTOR (MOTOR)
NERVE IV TROCHLEAR (MOTOR)
NERVE VI ABDUCENS (MOTOR)

asking the patient to follow a moving target (eg, examiner’s finger, penlight) to all 4 quadrants (including across the midline) and toward the tip of the nose.
THE TEST CAN Detect
NYSTAGMUS, PALSIES OF OCULAR MUSCLES

(NORMAL IS A Brief fine amplitude nystagmus at end-lateral gaze)

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19
Q

WHICH NERVE TESTS FOR THE Ability to move and blink your eyes ?

A

CN III OCULOMOTOR
MOTOR

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20
Q

Anisocoria or differences in pupillary size should be tested on what type of light ?

BRIGHT LIGHT
DIMMED LIGHT
RED LIGHT

A

DIMMED LIGHT

EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS
CN III (oculomotor),
CN IV (trochlear),
CN VI (abducens)
MOTOR
The eyes are observed for
symmetry of movement,
globe position,
asymmetry or droop of the eyelids (ptosis),
and twitches or flutters of globes or lids.

Extraocular movements controlled by these nerves(III, IV, VI) are tested by asking the patient to follow a moving target (eg, examiner’s finger, penlight) to all 4 quadrants (including across the midline) and toward the tip of the nose; this test can detect
nystagmus and palsies of ocular muscles.
Brief fine amplitude nystagmus at end-lateral gaze is normal.
Anisocoria or differences in pupillary size should be noted in a dimly lit room.
The pupillary light response is tested for symmetry and briskness. (nerves II sensory response-afferent and III motor response-efferent)

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21
Q

The pupillary light response is tested for ………… ?

A

The pupillary light response is tested for
SYMMETRY and BRISKNESS
NERVE II OPTICE NERVE (SENSORY) Response-afferent
and
NERVE III OCULOMOTOR NERVER (MOTOR Response-efferent

Direct and consensual pupillary responses are tested.
check for pupillary response by shining light to one
eye. The pupil should constrict.
Consensual pupillary response or pupillary reflex is
when shining a light to the right eye and the left
eye’s pupil constricts.

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22
Q

WHICH NERVE IS THE ABDUCENS NERVE?

A

CN VI

Ability to move your eyes.

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23
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE INVOLVES Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements ?

A

Cranial nerve V
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
For the 5th (trigeminal) nerve, the 3 sensory divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) are evaluated by using a pinprick to test facial sensation and by brushing a wisp of cotton against the lower or lateral cornea to evaluate the corneal reflex. If facial sensation is lost, the angle of the jaw should be examined; sparing of this area (innervated by spinal root C2) suggests a trigeminal deficit. A weak blink due to facial weakness (eg, 7th cranial nerve paralysis) should be distinguished from depressed or absent corneal sensation, which is common in contact lens wearers. A patient with facial weakness feels the cotton wisp normally on both sides, even though blink is decreased.

Trigeminal motor function is tested by palpating the masseter muscles while the patient clenches the teeth and by asking the patient to open the mouth against resistance. If a pterygoid muscle is weak, the jaw deviates to that side when the mouth is opened

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24
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE HAS 3 DIVISIONS AND IS Both (sensory and motor) ?

A

CN V
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
SENSORY & MOTOR

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25
Q

HOW TO EVALUATE FACIAL SENSACION (sensory) AND WHICH NERVE IS BEING EVALUATED ?

WHAT IS THE TEST IF FACIAL SENSATION IS LOST ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE V - TRIGEMINAL NERVE -SENSORY/MOTOR

USING A PINPRICK TO TEST FACIAL SENSATION

IF FACIAL SENSATION IS LOST, THE ANGLE OF THE JAW SHOULD BE EXAMINED

26
Q

HOW TO EVALUATE FOR CORNEAL REFLEX (sensory) AND WHICH NERVE IS BEING EVALUATED ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE V - TRIGEMINAL NERVE -SENSORY/MOTOR

BRUSHING A WISP OF COTTON AGAINST THE LOWER OR LATERAL CORNEA TO EVALUATE FOR CORNEAL REFLEX.

27
Q

WHICH NERVE IS BEING TESTED by palpating the masseter muscles while the patient clenches the teeth and by asking the patient to open the mouth against resistance ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE V TRIGEMINAL NERVE
MOTOR

If a pterygoid muscle is weak, the jaw deviates to that side when the mouth is opened

28
Q

WHEN TESTING THE MOTOR CN V & THE
pterygoid muscle is weak, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE JAW

A

the jaw deviates to that side when the mouth is opened

CN V TRIGEMINAL NERVE - MOTOR - IS BEING TESTED

29
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE TESTS FOR Facial expressions and sense of taste ?

A

CN VII - FACIAL NERVE
Both (Sensory & Motor)

Some(1) say(2) Marry(3) money(4), but(5) my(6) brother(7) says(8) big(9) brains(10) matter(11) more(12)

30
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE I AM EVALUATING BY checking for hemifacial weakness.
Asymmetry of facial movements(often more obvious during spontaneous conversation, especially when the patient smiles) ?

A

CN VII - FACIAL NERVE
Both (Sensory & Motor)

etiology of 7th nerve weakness is central rather than peripheral.

IF obtunded, facial grimaces at a noxious stimulus;

On the weakened side, the nasolabial fold is depressed and the palpebral fissure is widened.

IF the patient has only lower facial weakness (ie, furrowing of the forehead and eye closure are preserved)

Taste in the anterior two thirds of the tongue can be tested with sweet, sour, salty, and bitter solutions applied with a cotton swab first on one side of the tongue, then on the other.

Hyperacusis, indicating weakness of the stapedius muscle, may be with a vibrating tuning fork held next to the ear.

31
Q

What is the function of the PTERYGOID Muscle and MASSETER muscle ?

A

They are masticatory muscles ( MOTOR)

(CN V - TRIGEMINAL NERVE OPHTALMIC, MAXILLARY, MANDIBULAR)

The medial pterygoid muscle, a major elevator of the jaw is a square-shaped masticatory muscle, located on the medial aspect of the lower jaw bilaterally. It is also known as internal pterygoid muscle. This muscle lies medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle.

The masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. It is a powerful superficial quadrangular muscle originating from the zygomatic arch and inserts along the angle and lateral surface of the mandibular ramus. The masseter is primarily responsible for the elevation of the mandible and some protraction of the mandible

32
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE IS INVOLVED WHEN THERE IS FACIAL WEAKNESS?
AND WHAT IS THE ETIOLOGY ?

A

CN VII - FACIAL NERVE
Both (Sensory & Motor)

Etiology of 7th nerve weakness is central
(rather than peripheral)

33
Q

WHAT IS THE STAPEDIUS MUSCLE ?

A

CN VII - FACIAL NERVE
Both (Sensory & Motor)

The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes or strirrup bone of the middle ear.
(CN VII & VIII)

34
Q

HOW DO YOU CHECK FOR
Hyperacusis ?

A

VIBRATING TUNING FORK HELD NEXT TO THE EAR

CN VII FACIAL NERVE
CN VIII AUDITORY VESTIBULAR NERVE

35
Q

WHAT IS HYPERACUSIS ?

A

Hyperacusis is a disorder in loudness perception. Patients suffering from hyperacusis may appear overly sensitive to a range of sounds, finding many noises unbearable and painfully loud.

indicates weakness of the stapedius muscle, may be tested with a vibrating tuning fork held next to the ear.

CN VII FACIAL NERVE
CN VIII AUDITORY VESTIBULAR NERVE

36
Q

IS THERE TASTE INVOLVEMENT IN CRANIAL NERVE VII ?

A

YES

CN VII - Facial nerve: Facial expressions and sense of taste.
Both (Sensor and Motor)

Taste in the anterior two thirds of the tongue can be tested with sweet, sour, salty, and bitter solutions applied with a cotton swab first on one side of the tongue, then on the other.

37
Q

WHAT IS THE CN VIII (8) ?

A

CN VIII (8) Auditory/Vestibularcochlear, acoustic nerve: Sense of hearing and balance

SENSORY

Some(1) say(2) Marry(3) money(4), but(5) my(6) brother(7) says(8) big(9) brains(10) matter(11) more(12)

38
Q

What type of evaluation is necessary for CN VIII(8) ?

A

CN VIII (8) Auditory/Vestibularcochlear, acoustic nerve: Sense of hearing and balance

SENSORY

Because the 8th cranial nerve carries auditory and vestibular input, evaluation involves

Hearing tests - Whisper test, Weber test, Rhine test
Vestibular function tests - Balance / Dizzy
–The goal of the tests is to determine if there is
damage to the vestibular portion of the inner ear.
The vestibular area of the ear controls BALANCE

39
Q

HOW TO PERFORM THE WEBER TEST ?

A

The Weber test is a screening test for hearing performed with a tuning fork. It can detect unilateral conductive hearing loss and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
The base of a gently vibrating tuning fork is placed on the midforehead or the vertex. The patient is asked which ear hears the sound better. Normally, the sound is heard equally in both ears. With unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, sound is heard better in the unaffected ear.

40
Q

HOW TO PERFORM RINNE TEST ?

A

Place the base of a struck tuning fork on the mastoid bone behind the ear. Have the patient
indicate when sound is no longer heard. Move fork (held at base) beside ear and ask if now audible.

Rinne Positive: The patient is positive on that side (the ossicular chain is doing what it should be doing, acting as an amplifier). If the bone conduction through the mastoid process is heard louder than through the air, the patient is Rinne negative. This is always abnormal.

41
Q

Is Rhine Positive normal ?

A

YES
Rinne Positive: The patient is positive on that side (the ossicular chain is doing what it should be doing, acting as an amplifier).

IF the bone conduction through the mastoid process is heard louder than through the air, the patient is Rinne negative. This is always abnormal.

42
Q

WEBER TEST - WHEN THE SOUND IS LOUDER ON THE AFFECTED (BAD) EAR ?
A) CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
B) SENSORINURIAL HEARING LOSS
C) NORMAL HEARING

A

A) CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS ON THE BAD EAR

The outer and middle ear mediate conductive hearing.

43
Q

WEBER TEST - WHEN THE SOUND IS LOUDER ON THE NORMAL (GOOD) EAR ?
A) CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
B) SENSORINURIAL HEARING LOSS
C) NORMAL HEARING

A

B) SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS ON THE BAD EAR

The inner ear mediates sensorineural hearing.

44
Q

WEBER TEST - WHEN SOUND IS EQUAL ON BOTH EARS ?
A) CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
B) SENSORINURIAL HEARING LOSS
C) NORMAL HEARIN

A

C) NORMAL HEARING

45
Q

The outer and middle ear mediates which hearing ?

A) conductive hearing.
B) sensorineural hearing

A

A) Conductive Hearing

46
Q

The The inner ear mediates which hearing ?

A) conductive hearing.
B) sensorineural hearing

A

B) Sensorineural hearing

47
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE IS INVOLVED WITH SOUND AND BALANCE?

A

CN VIII vestibulocochlear nerve or acoustic/auditory

vestibular nerve transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain
(In other words, the vestibular nerve communicates messages about head position and motion from your inner ear to your brain)

When this nerve is damaged (from direct trauma, congenital malformations, tumor formation, infection, and vascular injury), these messages become jumbled and inaccurate, confusing your brain and producing vertigo, nystagmus (dizziness, nausea and movement issues), tinnitus, and sensorineural hearing loss the

48
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE TRANSMITS SOUNDS AND EQUILIBRIUM (BALANCE) INFORMATION FROM THE INNER EAR TO THE BRAIN ?

A

CRANIAL NERVE VIII

SENSORY

The vestibular nerve communicates messages about head position and motion from your inner ear to your brain

49
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE MAY BE DAMAGED IF THE PATIENT HAS SYMPTOMS OF
VERTIGO, NYASTAGMUS , MOVEMENT ISSUES DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, TINNITUS, SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS?

A

CN VIIi (8) vestibulocochlear nerve or acoustic/auditory

When this nerve is damaged (from direct trauma, congenital malformations, tumor formation, infection, and vascular injury), the sound and equilibrium balance Messages become jumbled and inaccurate, confusing your brain and producing vertigo, nystagmus (dizziness, nausea and movement issues), tinnitus, and sensorineural hearing loss the

50
Q

WHICH TWO CRANIAL NERVES ARE RELATED BY THE INTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL?

A

The CN VIII(8) and CN VII(7)

The CN VIII(8) nerve traverses the internal auditory canal, which also contains the CN VII(7), the nervous intermedius, and the labyrinthine artery

51
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVES HAVE “BOTH” -motor and sensory - FUNCTIONS?

CN I (1) -Olfactory nerve: Sense of smell.
CN II (2) -Optic nerve: Ability to see.
CN III (3) - Oculomotor nerve: Ability to move and blink your eyes.
CN IV(4) - Trochlear nerve: Ability to move your eyes up and down or back and forth.
CN V(5) Trigeminal nerve: Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements.
CN VI (6) Abducens nerve: Ability to move your eyes.
CN VII (7) Facial nerve: Facial expressions and sense of taste.
CN VIII (8) Auditory/vestibular nerve: Sense of hearing and balance.
CN IX(9) -Glossopharyngeal nerve: Ability to taste and swallow.
CN X(10) Vagus nerve: Digestion and heart rate.
CN XI (11) Accessory nerve (or spinal accessory nerve): Shoulder and neck muscle movement.
CN XII (12) - Hypoglossal nerve: Ability to move your tongue.

A

CN V(5) Trigeminal nerve: Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements.

CN VII (7) Facial nerve: Facial expressions and sense of taste.
CN IX(9) -Glossopharyngeal nerve: Ability to taste and swallow.
CN X(10) Vagus nerve: Digestion and heart rate.

52
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE Carries an extensive range of signals from digestive system and organs to the brain and vice versa. Extends from its origin in the brainstem through the neck and the thorax down to the abdomen?

A

The CN X(10) -The vagus nerve

Carries an extensive range of signals from digestive system and organs to the brain and vice versa. Extends from its origin in the brainstem through the neck and the thorax down to the abdomen
Vagus nerve lesions produce palatal and pharyngeal paralysis; laryngeal paralysis; and abnormalities of esophageal motility, gastric acid secretion, gallbladder emptying, and heart rate; and other autonomic dysfunction

53
Q

WHICH CN INVOLVES THE TONGUE, TASTE, THE PALATE, THE PHARYNX, GAG REFLEX, SWALLOWING, PAROTID GLAND ?

AND

WHICH CN INVOLVES THE PALATAL & PHARENGEAL PARALYSIS, LANRYNGEAL PARALYSIS, AND ABNORMALITIES OF ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY.
ALSO, Gastric acid secretion, gallbladder emptying, and heart rate; and other autonomic dysfunction?

A

CN IX (9)The glossopharyngeal nerve & CN X(10) -The vagus nerve

The CN IX(9) - The glossopharyngeal nerve is one of the four cranial nerves that has sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions. It originates from the medulla oblongata and terminates in the pharynx
Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing; impairment of taste over the posterior one-third of the tongue and palate; impaired sensation over the posterior one-third of the tongue, palate, and pharynx; an absent gag reflex; and dysfunction of the parotid gland.

The CN X(10) -The vagus nerve carries an extensive range of signals from digestive system and organs to the brain and vice versa. Extends from its origin in the brainstem through the neck and the thorax down to the abdomen
Vagus nerve lesions produce palatal and pharyngeal paralysis; laryngeal paralysis; and abnormalities of esophageal motility, gastric acid secretion, gallbladder emptying, and heart rate; and other autonomic dysfunction

54
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVES ARE USUALLY ASSESSED TOGETHER? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY:

A) CN XII, CN V
B) CN IX & CN X
C) CN III, IV, VI
E) CN I, CNII

A

B) CN IX & CN X
C) CN III, IV, VI

CN IX(9) Glossopharyngeal nerve and CN X(10 Vagus nerve are usually evaluated together.

C) CN III (oculomotor), IV(trochlear), VI(abducens)
are related with eye movement and are Motor nerves

55
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE is one of the four cranial nerves that has sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions. It originates from the medulla oblongata and terminates in the pharynx?

A

The CN IX(9) - The glossopharyngeal nerve

Is one of the four cranial nerves that has sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions. It originates from the medulla oblongata and terminates in the pharynx.

Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing; impairment of taste over the posterior one-third of the tongue and palate; impaired sensation over the posterior one-third of the tongue, palate, and pharynx; an absent gag reflex; and dysfunction of the parotid gland.

CN VIII(8) Glossopharyngeal nerve and CN X(10 Vagus nerve are usually evaluated together.

56
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE carries an extensive range of signals from digestive system and organs to the brain and vice versa. Extends from its origin in the brainstem through the neck and the thorax down to the abdomen?

A

The CN X(10) -The vagus nerve
It carries an extensive range of signals from digestive system and organs to the brain and vice versa. Extends from its origin in the brainstem through the neck and the thorax down to the abdomen.

Vagus nerve lesions produce palatal and pharyngeal paralysis; laryngeal paralysis; and abnormalities of esophageal motility, gastric acid secretion, gallbladder emptying, and heart rate; and other autonomic dysfunction

CN VIII(9) Glossopharyngeal nerve and CN X(10 Vagus nerve are usually evaluated together.

57
Q

FOR WHICH CRANIAL NERVE IS THIS TEST ?

1) the patient is asked to turn the head against resistance supplied by the examiner’s hand while the examiner palpates the active muscle (opposite the turned head).

2) the patient is asked to elevate the shoulders against resistance supplied by the examiner.

A

CN XI (11) Spinal Accessory Nerve

1) For the sternocleidomastoid muscle (Neck muscle)

2) For the upper trapezius muscle (Shoulder muscle)

CN XI (11) is evaluated by testing the muscles it supplies: The sternocleidomastoid muscle and Trapezius muscle of the shoulder and neck

58
Q

WHICH CN INNERVATES/SUPPLIES THE Shoulder and neck muscle movement?

A

CN XI (11) Spinal Accessory Nerve

1) For the sternocleidomastoid muscle (Neck muscle)

2) For the upper trapezius muscle (Shoulder muscle)

CN XI (11) is evaluated by testing the muscles it supplies: The sternocleidomastoid muscle (neck muscle) and Trapezius muscle (shoulder muscle)

59
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE HAS THE FUNCTION OF Digestion and heart rate?

A

The CN X(10) -The VAGUS nerve

It carries an extensive range of signals from digestive system and organs to the brain and vice versa. Extends from its origin in the brainstem through the neck and the thorax down to the abdomen.

Vagus nerve lesions produce palatal and pharyngeal paralysis; laryngeal paralysis; and abnormalities of esophageal motility, gastric acid secretion, gallbladder emptying, and heart rate; and other autonomic dysfunction

60
Q

WHICH CRANIAL NERVE HAS THE FUNCTION AND Ability to move your tongue?

A

CN XII (12) Hypoglossal nerve

61
Q

WHICH NERVE starts at the base of your brain. It travels down your neck and branches out, ending at the base and underside of your tongue.

A

CN XII (12) Hypoglossal nerve - MOTOR

The hypoglossal nerve nerve starts at the base of your brain. It travels down your neck and branches out, ending at the base and underside of your tongue

62
Q

WHICH NERVE IS BEING TESTED WHEN YOU ASK THE PATIENT TO STICK THEIR TONGUE FROM SIDE TO SIDE ?

A

CN XII (12) Hypoglossal nerve - MOTOR

The test consist in having the patient extend the tongue and move it side to side. Further strength testing can be done by having the patient push the tongue against a tongue blade. Inspect the tongue for atrophy and fasciculations and weakness (deviation is toward the side of a lesion.

FNP (silvia) (7 decks)

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