Cranial nerve nuclei

Question 1

arise from the olfactory receptor nerve cells in the olfactory mucous membrane located in the upper part of the nasal cavity above the level of the superior concha

Answer 1

CRANIAL NERVE I — OLFACTORY

Question 2

Cranial nerve I - from the coarse peripheral process, a number of short cilia arise, the ___ which project into the mucus covering the surface of the mucous membrane

Answer 2

olfactory hairs

Question 3

The olfactory nerve fibers are _____ and are covered with Schwann cells

Answer 3

unmyelinated

Question 4

This ovoid structure possesses several types of nerve cells, the largest of which is the mitral cell

Answer 4

OLFACTORY BULB

Question 5

This narrow band of white matter runs from the posterior end of the olfactory bulb beneath the inferior surface of the frontal lobe of the brain

Answer 5

Olfactory tract

Question 6

The periamygdaloid and prepiriform areas of the cerebral cortex are often known as the _____

Answer 6

primary olfactory cortex

Question 7

The entorhinal area (area 28) of the parahippocampal gyrus, which receives numerous connections from the primary olfactory cortex , is called the ____

Answer 7

secondary olfactory cortex

Question 8

The _______ of the parahippocampal gyrus, which receives numerous connections from the primary olfactory cortex, is called the secondary olfactory cortex

Answer 8

entorhinal area (area 28)

Question 9

________, these areas of the cortex are responsible for the appreciation of olfactory sensations

Answer 9

Primary and secondary olfactory cortex

Question 10

In the _______, the fibers from the nasal (medial) half of each retina, including the nasal half of the macula, cross the midline and enter the optic tract of the opposite side, while the fibers from the temporal (lateral) half of each retina, including the temporal half of the macula, pass posteriorly in the optic tract of the same side

Answer 10

Optic chiasma

Question 11

emerges from the optic chiasma and passes posterolaterally around the cerebral peduncle

Answer 11

Optic tract

Question 12

small, oval swelling projecting from the pulvinar to the thalamus. consists of six layers of cells, on which synapse the axons from the optic tract. axons of the nerve cells within the geniculate body leave it to form the optic radiation

Answer 12

Lateral Geniculate body

Question 13

(Optic radiation) The tract passes posteriorly through the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule and terminates in the ____ (___), which occupies the upper and lower lips of the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 13

visual cortex (area 17)

Question 14

(Optic radiation) The_______ (_____) is responsible for recognition of objects and perception of color

Answer 14

visual association cortex (areas 18 and 19)

Question 15

The constriction of the pupil on which the light is shone is called the ______; The constriction of the opposite pupil, even though no light fell on that eye, is called the _____

Answer 15

direct light reflex - consensual light reflex

Question 15

Four neurons conduct visual impulses to the visual cortex:

Answer 15

(1) rods and cones
(2) bipolar neurons
(3) ganglion cells
(4) neurons of the lateral geniculate body

Question 16

When the eyes are directed from a distant to a near object, contraction of the medial recti brings about convergence of the ocular axes; the lens thickens to increase its refractive power by contraction of the ciliary muscle; and the pupils constrict to restrict the light waves to the thickest central part of the lens

Answer 16

Accomodation reflex

Question 16

The impulses are passed by axons of the pretectal nerve cells to the parasympathetic nuclei (_____) of the third cranial nerve on both sides

Answer 16

Edinger-Westphal nuclei

Question 17

Afferent impulses from the cornea or conjunctiva travel through the ________ to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 17

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 18

The facial nerve and its branches supply the _____, which causes _____

Answer 18

orbicularis oculi muscle - closure of the eyelids

Question 19

The ______ are believed to have connections with the efferent preganglion is sympathetic neurons in the lateral gray columns of the first and second thoracic segments of the spinal cord.

Answer 19

afferent sensory fibers

Question 20

The _____ communicates of these segments pass to the sympathetic trunk, and the preganglionic fibers ascend to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Answer 20

white rami

Question 21

The ______ pass through the internal carotid plexus, long ciliary nerves, and short ciliary nerves to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris

Answer 21

postganglionic fibers

Question 22

In CN III, It receives ______ from the _____ and, through this route, receives information from the visual cortex

Answer 22

tectobulbar fibers - superior colliculus

Question 23

In CN III, also receives fibers from the medial longitudinal fasciculus, by which it is connected to the nuclei of the ____, ____, ____ cranial nerves

Answer 23

fourth, sixth, and eighth

Question 24

The oculomotor nerve supplies the following _____ of the eye

Answer 24

extrinsic muscles

Question 25

The oculomotor nerve supplies the following extrinsic muscles of the eye:

Answer 25

levator palpebrae superioris superior rectus medial rectus inferior rectus inferior oblique

Question 26

Oculomotor nerve, supplies, through its branch to the ciliary ganglion and the short ciliary nerves, parasympathetic nerve fibers to the following _____: constrictor pupillae of the iris and ciliary muscles

Answer 26

intrinsic muscles

Question 27

Oculomotor nerve, supplies, through its branch to the ciliary ganglion and the short ciliary nerves, parasympathetic nerve fibers to the following intrinsic muscles:

Answer 27

constrictor pupillae of the iris and ciliary muscles

Question 28

The _______ is situated in the anterior part of the gray matter that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain. It lies inferior to the oculomotor nucleus at the level of the inferior colliculus. The nerve fibers, after leaving the nucleus, pass posteriorly around the central gray matter to reach the posterior surface of the midbrain

Answer 28

trochlear nucleus

Question 29

The trochlear nerve, the ______ and the only one to leave the ______, emerges from the midbrain and immediately decussates with the nerve of the opposite side

Answer 29

most slender of the cranial nerves - posterior surface of the brainstem

Question 30

The _____ lies in the posterior part of the pons, lateral to the motor nucleus. It is continuous below with the spinal nucleus.

Answer 30

main sensory nucleus

Question 30

The ______ is continuous superiorly with the main sensory nucleus in the pons and extends inferiorly through the whole length of the medulla oblongata and into the upper part of the spinal cord as far as the second cervical segment

Answer 30

spinal nucleus

Question 31

The trigeminal nerve has four nuclei:

Answer 31

(1) the main sensory nucleus (2) the spinal nucleus (3) the mesencephalic nucleus (4) the motor nucleus

Question 32

The ______ is composed of a column of unipolar nerve cells situated in the lateral part of the gray matter around the cerebral aqueduct. It extends inferiorly into the pons as far as the main sensory nucleus

Answer 32

mesencephalic nucleus

Question 32

The ______ is situated in the pons, medial to the main sensory nucleus

Answer 32

motor nucleus

Question 33

The sensations of pain, temperature, touch, and pressure from the skin of the face and mucous membranes travel along axons whose cell bodies are situated in the _____

Answer 33

semilunar or trigeminal sensory ganglion

Question 33

The motor nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. It also receives fibers from the _____, the _____, the ____, and the ______

Answer 33

reticular formation, the red nucleus, the tectum, and the medial longitudinal fasciculus

Question 34

The axons of the neurons in the main sensory and spinal nuclei and the central processes of the cells in the mesencephalic nucleus now cross the median plane and ascend as the trigeminal lemniscus to terminate on the nerve cells of the _______

Answer 34

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Question 35

The motor nucleus supplies:

Answer 35

the muscles of mastication the tensor tympani the tensor veli palatini the mylohyoid the anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 35

The large sensory root now expands to form the crescent-shaped trigeminal ganglion, which lies within a pouch of dura mater called the ______

Answer 35

trigeminal or Meckel cave

Question 35

The _____ contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbital cavity

Answer 35

ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Question 36

The ________ also contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum

Answer 36

maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 37

The ophthalmic nerve (V1) contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the _____ to enter the ___

Answer 37

superior orbital fissure - orbital cavity

Question 38

The maxillary nerve (V2) also contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the _____

Answer 38

foramen rotundum

Question 39

The ______ contains both sensory and motor fibers and leaves the skull through the foramen ovale

Answer 39

mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 40

The mandibular nerve (V3) contains both sensory and motor fibers and leaves the skull through the _____

Answer 40

foramen ovale

Question 41

_____, the small motor nucleus is situated beneath the floor of the upper part of the fourth ventricle, close to the midline and beneath the colliculus facialis. The nucleus receives afferent corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. It receives the tectobulbar tract from the superior colliculus, by which the visual cortex is connected to the nucleus. It also receives fibers from the medial longitudinal fasciculus, by which it is connected to the nuclei of the third, fourth, and eighth cranial nerves

Answer 41

Abducens Nerve Nucleus

Question 42

The facial nerve has three nuclei:

Answer 42

(1) the main motor nucleus, (2) the parasympathetic nuclei (3) the sensory nucleus

Question 43

(Main motor nucleus) The part of the nucleus that supplies the muscles of the lower part of the face receives only corticonuclear fibers from the ______

Answer 43

opposite cerebral hemisphere

Question 44

The ______ receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus through the descending autonomic pathways

Answer 44

superior salivatory nucleus

Question 45

The _____ receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus for emotional responses and from the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve for reflex lacrimation secondary to irritation of the cornea or conjunctiva

Answer 45

lacrimal nucleus

Question 46

The sensory nucleus is the upper part of the nucleus of the_____ and lies close to the motor nucleus

Answer 46

tractus solitarius

Question 47

(Sensory nucleus) Efferent fibers cross the median plane and ascend to the _____ of the _____ and to a number of hypothalamic nucle

Answer 47

ventral posteromedial nucleus - opposite thalamus

Question 48

(Facial nerve distribution) The _____ supplies the muscles of facial expression, the auricular muscles, the stapedius, the posterior belly of the digastric, and the stylohyoid muscles

Answer 48

motor nucleus

Question 48

(Facial nerve distribution) The _____ supplies the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and the nasal and palatine glands

Answer 48

superior salivatory nucleus

Question 49

The _____ supplies the lacrimal gland

Answer 49

lacrimal nucleus

Question 50

The _____ receives taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the palate

Answer 50

sensory nucleus

Question 51

This nerve consists of two distinct parts, the ____ and the ______, which are concerned with the transmission of afferent information from the internal ear to the central nervous system

Answer 51

vestibular nerve - cochlear nerve

Question 52

The _____ conducts nerve impulses from the utricle and saccule that provide information concerning the position of the head; the nerve also conducts impulses from the semicircular canals that provide information concerning movements of the head

Answer 52

vestibular nerve

Question 53

The vestibular nuclei receive afferent fibers from the utricle and saccule and the semicircular canals through the vestibular nerve and fibers from the cerebellum through the _______

Answer 53

inferior cerebella peduncle

Question 53

This complex consists of a group of nuclei situated beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle. Four nuclei may be recognized:

Answer 53

(1) the lateral vestibular nucleus (2) the superior vestibular nucleus (3) the medial vestibular nucleus (4) the inferior vestibular nucleus

Question 54

Efferent fibers from the nuclei pass to the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle True/False

Answer 54

True

Question 54

Conducts nerve impulses concerned with sound from the _______

Answer 54

organ of Corti in the cochlea

Question 55

Efferent fibers also descend uncrossed to the spinal cord from the lateral vestibular nucleus and form the vestibulospinal tract True/ False

Answer 55

True

Question 56

The glossopharyngeal nerve has three nuclei:

Answer 56

(1) the main motor nucleus (2) the parasympathetic nucleus (3) the sensory nucleus

Question 57

The main motor nucleus lies deep in the reticular formation of the ______ and is formed by the superior end of the nucleus ambiguus. It receives corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. The efferent fibers supply the stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 57

medulla oblongata

Question 57

Auditory pathway (ECOLIMA)

Answer 57

Eighth nerve Cochlear nuclei Superior Olivary nucleus Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate body Auditory cortex

Question 58

The main motor nucleus lies deep in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata and is formed by the superior end of the nucleus ambiguus. It receives corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. The efferent fibers supply the ______

Answer 58

stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 59

The _____ is also called the inferior salivatory nucleus. It receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus through the descending autonomic pathways. It also is thought to receive information from the olfactory, system through the reticular formation. Information concerning taste also is received from the nucleus of the solitary tract from the mouth cavity.

Answer 59

parasympathetic nucleus

Question 60

The parasympathetic nucleus is also called the ______. It receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus through the descending autonomic pathways. It also is thought to receive information from the olfactory, system through the reticular formation. Information concerning taste also is received from the nucleus of the solitary tract from the mouth cavity.

Answer 60

inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 61

Afferent information that concerns common sensation enters the brainstem through the superior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve but ends in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Afferent impulses from the _____, a baroreceptor situated at the _____, also travel with the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 61

carotid sinus - bifurcation of the common carotid artery

Question 62

The vagus nerve has three nuclei:

Answer 62

(1) the main motor nucleus (2) the parasympathetic nucleus (3) the sensory nucleus

Question 63

The ______ leaves the anterolateral surface of the upper part of the medulla oblongata as a series of rootlets in a groove between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. It passes laterally in the posterior cranial fossa and leaves the skull through the ____

Answer 63

glossopharyngeal nerve - jugular foramen