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Neuroanatomy > Cranial nerve nuclei > Flashcards

Cranial nerve nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

arise from the olfactory receptor nerve cells in the olfactory mucous membrane located in the upper part of the nasal cavity above the level of the superior concha

A

CRANIAL NERVE I — OLFACTORY

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2
Q

Cranial nerve I - from the coarse peripheral process, a number of short cilia arise, the ___ which project into the mucus covering the surface of the mucous membrane

A

olfactory hairs

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3
Q

The olfactory nerve fibers are _____ and are covered with Schwann cells

A

unmyelinated

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4
Q

This ovoid structure possesses several types of nerve cells, the largest of which is the mitral cell

A

OLFACTORY BULB

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5
Q

This narrow band of white matter runs from the posterior end of the olfactory bulb beneath the inferior surface of the frontal lobe of the brain

A

Olfactory tract

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6
Q

The periamygdaloid and prepiriform areas of the cerebral cortex are often known as the _____

A

primary olfactory cortex

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7
Q

The entorhinal area (area 28) of the parahippocampal gyrus, which receives numerous connections from the primary olfactory cortex , is called the ____

A

secondary olfactory cortex

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8
Q

The _______ of the parahippocampal gyrus, which receives numerous connections from the primary olfactory cortex, is called the secondary olfactory cortex

A

entorhinal area (area 28)

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9
Q

________, these areas of the cortex are responsible for the appreciation of olfactory sensations

A

Primary and secondary olfactory cortex

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10
Q

In the _______, the fibers from the nasal (medial) half of each retina, including the nasal half of the macula, cross the midline and enter the optic tract of the opposite side, while the fibers from the temporal (lateral) half of each retina, including the temporal half of the macula, pass posteriorly in the optic tract of the same side

A

Optic chiasma

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11
Q

emerges from the optic chiasma and passes posterolaterally around the cerebral peduncle

A

Optic tract

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12
Q

small, oval swelling projecting from the pulvinar to the thalamus. consists of six layers of cells, on which synapse the axons from the optic tract. axons of the nerve cells within the geniculate body leave it to form the optic radiation

A

Lateral Geniculate body

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13
Q

(Optic radiation) The tract passes posteriorly through the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule and terminates in the ____ (___), which occupies the upper and lower lips of the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

A

visual cortex (area 17)

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14
Q

(Optic radiation) The_______ (_____) is responsible for recognition of objects and perception of color

A

visual association cortex (areas 18 and 19)

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15
Q

The constriction of the pupil on which the light is shone is called the ______; The constriction of the opposite pupil, even though no light fell on that eye, is called the _____

A

direct light reflex - consensual light reflex

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15
Q

Four neurons conduct visual impulses to the visual cortex:

A

(1) rods and cones
(2) bipolar neurons
(3) ganglion cells
(4) neurons of the lateral geniculate body

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16
Q

When the eyes are directed from a distant to a near object, contraction of the medial recti brings about convergence of the ocular axes; the lens thickens to increase its refractive power by contraction of the ciliary muscle; and the pupils constrict to restrict the light waves to the thickest central part of the lens

A

Accomodation reflex

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16
Q

The impulses are passed by axons of the pretectal nerve cells to the parasympathetic nuclei (_____) of the third cranial nerve on both sides

A

Edinger-Westphal nuclei

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17
Q

Afferent impulses from the cornea or conjunctiva travel through the ________ to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

The facial nerve and its branches supply the _____, which causes _____

A

orbicularis oculi muscle - closure of the eyelids

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19
Q

The ______ are believed to have connections with the efferent preganglion is sympathetic neurons in the lateral gray columns of the first and second thoracic segments of the spinal cord.

A

afferent sensory fibers

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20
Q

The _____ communicates of these segments pass to the sympathetic trunk, and the preganglionic fibers ascend to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

A

white rami

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21
Q

The ______ pass through the internal carotid plexus, long ciliary nerves, and short ciliary nerves to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris

A

postganglionic fibers

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22
Q

In CN III, It receives ______ from the _____ and, through this route, receives information from the visual cortex

A

tectobulbar fibers - superior colliculus

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23
Q

In CN III, also receives fibers from the medial longitudinal fasciculus, by which it is connected to the nuclei of the ____, ____, ____ cranial nerves

A

fourth, sixth, and eighth

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24
Q

The oculomotor nerve supplies the following _____ of the eye

A

extrinsic muscles

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25
Q

The oculomotor nerve supplies the following extrinsic muscles of the eye:

A

levator palpebrae superioris
superior rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique

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26
Q

Oculomotor nerve, supplies, through its branch to the ciliary ganglion and the short ciliary nerves, parasympathetic nerve fibers to the following _____: constrictor pupillae of the iris and ciliary muscles

A

intrinsic muscles

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27
Q

Oculomotor nerve, supplies, through its branch to the ciliary ganglion and the short ciliary nerves, parasympathetic nerve fibers to the following intrinsic muscles:

A

constrictor pupillae of the iris and ciliary muscles

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28
Q

The _______ is situated in the anterior part of the gray matter that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain. It lies inferior to the oculomotor nucleus at the level of the inferior colliculus. The nerve fibers, after leaving the nucleus, pass posteriorly around the central gray matter to reach the posterior surface of the midbrain

A

trochlear nucleus

29
Q

The trochlear nerve, the ______ and the only one to leave the ______, emerges from the midbrain and immediately decussates with the nerve of the opposite side

A

most slender of the cranial nerves - posterior surface of the brainstem

30
Q

The _____ lies in the posterior part of the pons, lateral to the motor nucleus. It is continuous below with the spinal nucleus.

A

main sensory nucleus

30
Q

The ______ is continuous superiorly with the main sensory nucleus in the pons and extends inferiorly through the whole length of the medulla oblongata and into the upper part of the spinal cord as far as the second cervical segment

A

spinal nucleus

31
Q

The trigeminal nerve has four nuclei:

A

(1) the main sensory nucleus
(2) the spinal nucleus
(3) the mesencephalic nucleus
(4) the motor nucleus

32
Q

The ______ is composed of a column of unipolar nerve cells situated in the lateral part of the gray matter around the cerebral aqueduct. It extends inferiorly into the pons as far as the main sensory nucleus

A

mesencephalic nucleus

32
Q

The ______ is situated in the pons, medial to the main sensory nucleus

A

motor nucleus

33
Q

The sensations of pain, temperature, touch, and pressure from the skin of the face and mucous membranes travel along axons whose cell bodies are situated in the _____

A

semilunar or trigeminal sensory ganglion

33
Q

The motor nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. It also receives fibers from the _____, the _____, the ____, and the ______

A

reticular formation, the red nucleus, the tectum, and the medial longitudinal fasciculus

34
Q

The axons of the neurons in the main sensory and spinal nuclei and the central processes of the cells in the mesencephalic nucleus now cross the median plane and ascend as the trigeminal lemniscus to terminate on the nerve cells of the _______

A

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

35
Q

The motor nucleus supplies:

A

the muscles of mastication
the tensor tympani
the tensor veli palatini
the mylohyoid
the anterior belly of the digastric muscle

35
Q

The large sensory root now expands to form the crescent-shaped trigeminal ganglion, which lies within a pouch of dura mater called the ______

A

trigeminal or Meckel cave

35
Q

The _____ contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbital cavity

A

ophthalmic nerve (V1)

36
Q

The ________ also contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

37
Q

The ophthalmic nerve (V1) contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the _____ to enter the ___

A

superior orbital fissure - orbital cavity

38
Q

The maxillary nerve (V2) also contains only sensory fibers and leaves the skull through the _____

A

foramen rotundum

39
Q

The ______ contains both sensory and motor fibers and leaves the skull through the foramen ovale

A

mandibular nerve (V3)

40
Q

The mandibular nerve (V3) contains both sensory and motor fibers and leaves the skull through the _____

A

foramen ovale

41
Q

_____, the small motor nucleus is situated beneath the floor of the upper part of the fourth ventricle, close to the midline and beneath the colliculus facialis. The nucleus receives afferent corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. It receives the tectobulbar tract from the superior colliculus, by which the visual cortex is connected to the nucleus. It also receives fibers from the medial longitudinal fasciculus, by which it is connected to the nuclei of the third, fourth, and eighth cranial nerves

A

Abducens Nerve Nucleus

42
Q

The facial nerve has three nuclei:

A

(1) the main motor nucleus,
(2) the parasympathetic nuclei
(3) the sensory nucleus

43
Q

(Main motor nucleus) The part of the nucleus that supplies the muscles of the lower part of the face receives only corticonuclear fibers from the ______

A

opposite cerebral hemisphere

44
Q

The ______ receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus through the descending autonomic pathways

A

superior salivatory nucleus

45
Q

The _____ receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus for emotional responses and from the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve for reflex lacrimation secondary to irritation of the cornea or conjunctiva

A

lacrimal nucleus

46
Q

The sensory nucleus is the upper part of the nucleus of the_____ and lies close to the motor nucleus

A

tractus solitarius

47
Q

(Sensory nucleus) Efferent fibers cross the median plane and ascend to the _____ of the _____ and to a number of hypothalamic nucle

A

ventral posteromedial nucleus - opposite thalamus

48
Q

(Facial nerve distribution) The _____ supplies the muscles of facial expression, the auricular muscles, the stapedius, the posterior belly of the digastric, and the stylohyoid muscles

A

motor nucleus

48
Q

(Facial nerve distribution) The _____ supplies the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and the nasal and palatine glands

A

superior salivatory nucleus

49
Q

The _____ supplies the lacrimal gland

A

lacrimal nucleus

50
Q

The _____ receives taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the palate

A

sensory nucleus

51
Q

This nerve consists of two distinct parts, the ____ and the ______, which are concerned with the transmission of afferent information from the internal ear to the central nervous system

A

vestibular nerve - cochlear nerve

52
Q

The _____ conducts nerve impulses from the utricle and saccule that provide information concerning the position of the head; the nerve also conducts impulses from the semicircular canals that provide information concerning movements of the head

A

vestibular nerve

53
Q

The vestibular nuclei receive afferent fibers from the utricle and saccule and the semicircular canals through the vestibular nerve and fibers from the cerebellum through the _______

A

inferior cerebella peduncle

53
Q

This complex consists of a group of nuclei situated beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle. Four nuclei may be recognized:

A

(1) the lateral vestibular nucleus
(2) the superior vestibular nucleus
(3) the medial vestibular nucleus
(4) the inferior vestibular nucleus

54
Q

Efferent fibers from the nuclei pass to the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle

True/False

A

True

54
Q

Conducts nerve impulses concerned with sound from the _______

A

organ of Corti in the cochlea

55
Q

Efferent fibers also descend uncrossed to the spinal cord from the lateral vestibular nucleus and form the vestibulospinal tract

True/ False

A

True

56
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve has three nuclei:

A

(1) the main motor nucleus
(2) the parasympathetic nucleus
(3) the sensory nucleus

57
Q

The main motor nucleus lies deep in the reticular formation of the ______ and is formed by the superior end of the nucleus ambiguus. It receives corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. The efferent fibers supply the stylopharyngeus muscle

A

medulla oblongata

57
Q

Auditory pathway (ECOLIMA)

A

Eighth nerve
Cochlear nuclei
Superior Olivary nucleus
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate body
Auditory cortex

58
Q

The main motor nucleus lies deep in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata and is formed by the superior end of the nucleus ambiguus. It receives corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres. The efferent fibers supply the ______

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

59
Q

The _____ is also called the inferior salivatory nucleus. It receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus through the descending autonomic pathways. It also is thought to receive information from the olfactory, system through the reticular formation. Information concerning taste also is received from the nucleus of the solitary tract from the mouth cavity.

A

parasympathetic nucleus

60
Q

The parasympathetic nucleus is also called the ______. It receives afferent fibers from the hypothalamus through the descending autonomic pathways. It also is thought to receive information from the olfactory, system through the reticular formation. Information concerning taste also is received from the nucleus of the solitary tract from the mouth cavity.

A

inferior salivatory nucleus

61
Q

Afferent information that concerns common sensation enters the brainstem through the superior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve but ends in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Afferent impulses from the _____, a baroreceptor situated at the _____, also travel with the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

carotid sinus - bifurcation of the common carotid artery

62
Q

The vagus nerve has three nuclei:

A

(1) the main motor nucleus
(2) the parasympathetic nucleus
(3) the sensory nucleus

63
Q

The ______ leaves the anterolateral surface of the upper part of the medulla oblongata as a series of rootlets in a groove between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. It passes laterally in the posterior cranial fossa and leaves the skull through the ____

A

glossopharyngeal nerve - jugular foramen

Neuroanatomy (5 decks)

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