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neuroanatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic nervous system, ____ outflow (__ - __)

A

Thoracolumbar outflow (T1-L2)

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2
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system outflow ___ (___-___)

A

Craniosacral outflow (S2-S4)

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3
Q

The motor system is divided into ___ and ___

A

Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Autonomic nervous system is divided into 3 branches __, ___, ___

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Enteric nervous system

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5
Q

Somatic nervous system only takes ___ (somatic motor fibers, alpha motor neurons) to reach its target/effector organ

A

One motor neuron

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system
Origin:
Target organ:
Neuron releases:
Receptors:

A

Origin: Anterior horn of the spinal cord
Target organ: Skeletal muscles
Neuron releases: Acetylcholine
Receptors: Nicotinic receptors

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7
Q

Sympathetic nervous system
Origin:
Length of preganglionic nerve axon:
Receptor type:
Length of postganglionic nerve axon:
Effector organs:
NT:
Receptor types:

A

Origin: Spinal segment T1-T12 L1-L3
Length of preganglionic nerve axon: Short
Receptor type: Ach
Length of postganglionic nerve axon: Long
Effector organs: Smooth and Cardiac muscles; Glands
NT: Norepi (except Glands- Ach)
Receptor types: a1, a2, B1, B2

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8
Q

Parasympathetic
Origin:
Length of preganglionic nerve axon:
Receptor type:
Length of postganglionic nerve axon:
Effector organs:
NT:
Receptor types:

A

Origin: Cn 10, 9, 7, 3
Length of preganglionic nerve axon: Long
Receptor type: Nicotinic
Length of postganglionic nerve axon: Short
Effector organs: Smooth and Cardiac muscles; Glands
NT: Ach
Receptor types: muscarinic

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9
Q

Somatic NS
Effector organs:
NT:
Receptor types:

A

Effector organs: Skeletal muscles
NT: Ach
Receptor types: Nicotinic

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10
Q

___ is also known as visceral nervous system

A

Autonomic NS

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11
Q

Autonomic NS
Motor fibers: stimulates ____, ____ modifications, and ___
Sensory fibers: carry ____ and contribute to ___ and regulations of ____

A

Motor fibers: stimulates SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLE modifications, and glands
Sensory fibers: carry VISCERAL PAIN and contribute to REFLEXES and regulations of VISCERAL FUNCTIONS

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12
Q

Sympathetic NS
Short preganglionic fibers: Cholinergic releases ____
Long postganglionic neurons: Adrenergic fibers releases ___

A

Short preganglionic fibers: Ach
Long postganglionic neurons: NE

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13
Q

Sympathetic NS
Short preganglionic neurons: ___
Long postganglionic neurons: __

A

Short preganglionic neurons: cholinergic
Long postganglionic neurons: adrenergic

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14
Q

Parasympathetic NS
Short preganglionic neurons: ___
Long postganglionic neurons: __

A

Short preganglionic neurons: cholinergic
Long postganglionic neurons: cholinergic

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15
Q

What is the origin of the CN III: Oculomotor nerve?

A

Edinger-westphal nucleus

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16
Q

What is the origin of the CN VII: Facial nerve?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

17
Q

What is the origin of the CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus

18
Q

What is the origin of the CN X: Vagus Nerve?

A

Dorsal vagal nucleus

19
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the edinger-westphal nucleus?

A

CN III oculomotor nerve

20
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the superior salivatory nucleus?

A

CN VII Facial nerve

21
Q

What is the cranial nerve of the dorsal vagal nucleus?

A

CN X vagus nerve

22
Q

Origin of the S2, S3 and S4

A

Lateral horn of the spinal cord

23
Q

Peripheral nerves of S2, S3 and S4

A

Peripheral splanchnic nerves

24
Q

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar)
Location of presynaptic neurons: found in the _______ of the thoraces (__ - ___) and the upper lumbar (___ - ___ or ___) spinal cord.
Organized ____: ___ innervate upper body regions, ____ innervate pelvic areas and lower limbs

A

-Intermediolateral cell columns
- (T1-12)
-(L1-L2 or L3)
-Somatotopically
-Upper neurons
Lower neurons

25
Q

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar)
Paravertebral ganglia: extends from the base of the cranium (___) to the coccyx (___)

A

-superior cervical ganglion
-ganglion impar

25
Q

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar)
Prevertebral ganglia: Located around the origins of the ____. Includes the ____ surrounding the celiac trunk

A

-Main branches of the abdominal aorta
-Celiac ganglia

26
Q

Superior cervical ganglia
The ___ branches into three to innervate:
____ - causes pupillary dilation, allows for far vision
___ - contracts to make the lens flat (____) assists in far vision
___ - the NE released by the postganglionic fibers can act directly on: ____ and ___

A
  • Carotid plexus
  • Dilator pupillae
  • Ciliary muscle - accomodation
  • Salivary glands - Tunica media and Salivary glands
26
Q

Superior cervical ganglia
Salivary glands - the NE released by the postganglionic fibers can act directly on:
- Tunica media - ___, ___ and consequently decreasing salivary output
- Salivary glands - ___ (a glycoprotein which thickens mucus) production, causing ____

A
  • Constricts the tunica media, Decreasing blood flow to the salivary glands
  • Increases mucin - thick and viscous mucus
26
Q

sympathetic fibers from the upper thoracic spinal cord extend to the cervical region to synapse with the cervical ganglia: _____, ____, ____, ____

A

Superior cervical ganglia, Middle cervical ganglia, Inferior cervical ganglia, Stellate ganglia

27
Q

___ fusion of the inferior cervical and first thoracic sympathetic ganglia

A

Stellate ganglia

27
Q

Superior cervical ganglia
Pathway of preganglionic fibers: _____ pass through the chain ganglia then extend superiorly to ____

A

-Sympathetic fibers from T1-T3
-Synapse with superior cervical ganglia

28
Q

Superior cervical ganglia
Pathway of postganglionic fibers: Contribute to the spinal nerves to supply: ___, ___, ____, contributes branches to the heart, lungs and esophagus

A

erector pili, blood vessels, sudoriferous sweat glands

29
Q

Middle and Inferior cervical ganglia
Pathway of preganglionic fibers: ____ - can contribute to the plexuses
___ - can exit on their own as splanchnic nerves

A

Fibers from T1-T3
Fibers form T1-T5

30
Q

Middle and Inferior cervical ganglia
Pathway of postganglionic fibers: the most important post ganglionic branches innervate the heart, lungs, and esophagus: ____, ___, ___

A

cardiac plexus, esophageal plexus, pulmonary plexus

31
Q

Middle and Inferior cervical ganglia:
Esophageal plexus
-_____ of esophagus
-_____ from esophageal glands

A

Esophageal plexus
- Decreases peristalsis of esophagus
- Decreases secretions from esophageal glands

31
Q

Middle and Inferior cervical ganglia:
Cardiac plexus
- Acts on ___: Increase HR, Positive chronotropic action
- Acts on _____: Increase contraction power -> increases cardiac output -> increases BP

A

Cardiac Plexus
- Nodal cells
- Myocardium/Contractile muscle cells

32
Q

Middle and Inferior cervical ganglia:
Pulmonary plexus
- acts on bronchial smooth muscle
- controls airway resistance/diameter
- causes ____ of respiratory bronchioles
- decreases secretions from glands
- vasoconstrictors the bronchial arteries

A

Dilation

33
Q

Prevertebral/Collateral ganglia: one of their functions is to ____ so that blood can be sent to the brain and muscles, which are more important in “fight or flight” situations; ___, ____, ____, ____, ____, ___, ___, ____

A
  • divert blood flow away from the digestive and excretory organs
  • Celiac ganglia
  • Superior mesenteric ganglia
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Aorticorenal ganglia
  • Renal plexus
  • Inf. mesenteric ganglion
  • Sup. hypogastric plexus
  • Inf. hypogastric plexus
34
Q

Celiac ganglia
Pathway of preganglionic fibers:
-sympathetic fibers from ___ pass through the chain ganglia and exit as the ____ and synapses with the ____
Pathway for Postganglionic fibers: branch out to innervate some ____

A

Preganglionic:
- T5-T9
- Greater splanchnic nerve - celiac ganglia

Postganglionic:
- Abdominal organs

neuroanatomy (5 decks)

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