Cranial Nerve 2.

Question 1

How many layers make up the eye?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What are the layers of the eye?

Answer 2

1. Fibrous Tunic
2. Vascular Tunic
3. Retina

Question 3

What is everything in the Fibrous Tunic?

Answer 3

Sclera-white part

Cornea- clear; primary refractory structure

Question 4

What is all in the Vascular Tunic?

Answer 4

1. Ciliary body
2. Iris
3. Choroid

Question 5

How many layers are in the Retina?

Answer 5

10

Question 6

What are the layers of the Retina?

Answer 6

1. Pigmented layer
2. Photosensitive outer segment
3. External limiting layer
4. Outer nuclear layer
5. Outer plexiform layer
6. Inner nuclear layer
7. Inner. Plexiform layer
8. Ganglion layer
9. Nerve fiber layer
10. Internal limiting membrane

Question 7

What layer is adjacent to the choroid

Answer 7

Pigmented layer

Question 8

What layer has segments of rods and cones?

Answer 8

Photosensitive outer segments

Question 9

What layer contains cell bodies of rods and cones?

Answer 9

Outer nuclear layer

Question 10

What layer does rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells?

Answer 10

Outer plexiform layer

Question 11

What layer contains cell bodies of bipolar cells

Answer 11

Inner nuclear layer

Question 12

What layer has bipolar cells synapsids with ganglion cells?

Answer 12

Inner plexiform layer

Question 13

What layer has ganglion cell bodies here?

Answer 13

Ganglion cell layer?

Question 14

What layer is a glial boundary separating the Retina from the vitreous body?

Answer 14

Internal limiting membrane

Question 15

True or False

The proximal end of the photoreceptor is either cylindrical or tapered?

Answer 15

False

Distal end

Question 16

What is the other word for rod shaped?

Answer 16

Cylindrical

Question 17

What is the other name for cone shaped?

Answer 17

Tapered

Question 18

What are the three colors that cones receive?

Answer 18

Red, Green, and Blue

Question 19

What do cones require to function at their best?

Answer 19

Require adequate light

Question 20

True or False

Cones are most concentrated near the fovea

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the job of rods

Answer 21

Sense light vs. dark

Question 22

What area in the eye is completely composed of rods

Answer 22

Periphery of Retina

Question 23

True or False

Rods are concentrated near center of fovea?

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Where do polarized photoreceptors relay information?

Answer 24

To bipolar cells

Synapsing in outer plexiform layer

Question 25

What does bipolar cells relay information to?

Answer 25

Ganglion cells | By synapsing in the inner plexiform layer

Question 26

Nerves from nerve fiber layer relay information toward what structure?

Answer 26

Optic Disc

Question 27

What nerve are axons carried in when they leave the eyeball?

Answer 27

Optic Nerve

Question 28

What canal does the optic nerve travel thru when entering the skull?

Answer 28

Optic canal

Question 29

When the 2 optic nerves unite what do they form?

Answer 29

Optic chiasma?

Question 30

True or False | The optic nerve is myelinated.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What cells myelinated the optic nerve?

Answer 31

Interfasicular oligodendrocytes

Question 32

In the optic chiasma what side of the Retina will cross?

Answer 32

Medial side | Nasal

Question 33

In the optic chiasma what side of the Retina will not cross?

Answer 33

Lateral side

Question 34

When the 2 optic nerves split up again they form what?

Answer 34

Optic tract

Question 35

What structure does the optic tract travel around to get to one of the nuclei of termination?

Answer 35

Cerebral peduncles

Question 36

What are the nuclei of termination for C.N.2?

Answer 36

1. Lateral Geniculate Body 2. Sup. Colliculus 3. Pretectal nucleus of the midbrain

Question 37

Where does the majority of the optic tract information go to terminate?

Answer 37

The lateral geniculate body

Question 38

Where does the lateral geniculate body relay information to?

Answer 38

Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe

Question 39

What brdmn area does the lateral geniculate body send information to?

Answer 39

17

Question 40

Where does the Sup. Collicus relay information to?

Answer 40

Tectospinal tract

Question 41

What muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?

Answer 41

1. SCM | 2. Trapezius

Question 42

Nuclei of termination is for sensory or motor

Answer 42

Sensory

Question 43

Nuclei of origin is for sensory or motor?

Answer 43

Motor

Question 44

Pretectal nuclues of the midbrain deal with what?

Answer 44

Light reflexes

Question 45

How many neurons are in the C.N.2 pathway?

Answer 45

4 | 5 if counting the relay neuron

Question 46

What the signs and symptoms associated with a lesion of the optic nerve?

Answer 46

Loss of depth perception

Question 47

What are the signs and symptoms associated with a lesion of the optic chiasma?

Answer 47

Tunnel vision

Question 48

What are the signs and symptoms associated with a lesion in the optic tract?

Answer 48

Loss of 1/2 the visual field

Question 49

What is the process of the direct and consensual light reflex?

Answer 49

Shine light in one eye having a piece of paper at the bridge of their nose so other eye does not see this light Ipsilateral eye constricts Contralateral eye constricts (just not as much)

Question 50

What is the accommodation reflex?

Answer 50

When you look at something near you like a book, then look up at something far away out a window (Accomadation of near vision to far vision)

Question 51

What is the process of the corneal reflex?

Answer 51

Use a cotton ball and touch the eye. | Patient should pull away

Question 52

What is convergence?

Answer 52

Eyes both moving medially