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Neuro > Cranial > Flashcards

Cranial Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologic strains

A

Flexion/extension
Torsion
Sidebending-rotation

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2
Q

Non-physiologic strains

A

Vertical strain
Lateral strain
Compression

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3
Q

Flexion

A

Naming: superior SBS
Sphenoid/occiput movement: opposite directions
Air hands: fatter
Axes: 2 parallel transverse

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4
Q

Extension

A

Naming: inferior SBS
Sphenoid/occiput movement: opposite
Air hands: thinner (toward you)
Axes: 2 parallel transverse axes

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5
Q

Torsion

A

Naming: superior greater wing of sphenoid
Sphenoid/occiput movement: opposite
Air hands: opening a jar - hand that moves towards you is side of torsion
Axes: 1 AP axis

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6
Q

Sidebending-rotation

A

Naming: Convex side
Sphenoid/occiput movement: rotate same, sidebend opposite
Air hands: one side gets fatter and drops towards patient’s toes while other is motionless
Axes: 1 AP axis, 2 parallel transverse axes

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7
Q

Vertical strain

A

Naming: superior/inferior sphenoid base; named opposite of where index fingers move
Sphenoid/occiput movement: same
Air hands: hands rotate same direction along sagittal plane
Axes: 2 parallel transverse

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8
Q

Lateral strain

A

Naming: parallelogram pointed right/left; named opposite of index fingers
Sphenoid/occiput movement: same
Air hands: index fingers shift right or left
Axes: 2 parallel vertical

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9
Q

Compression

A

Naming: none
Sphenoid/occiput movement: little/no motion
Air hands: nothing/everything
Axes: none

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10
Q

Unpaired bones

A

Occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, mandible, and sacrum

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11
Q

Paired bones

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, inferior concha, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, palatine, zygoma

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12
Q

cranial base is derived from

A

Cartilaginous bone

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13
Q

Cranial vault develops from

A

Membranous bone

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14
Q

Cranial vault consists of…

A

Frontal bone(s), parietal bones, squamous portion of occipital bone, greater wings of sphenoid, squamous portion of temporal bones

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15
Q

Midline bones move through…

A

Flexion and extension phases

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16
Q

Paired bones move through…

A

External and internal rotation

17
Q

Flexion phase of midline bones moves in conjunction with ________ ________ of paired bones

A

External rotation

18
Q

Extension phase of midline bones moves in conjunction with __________ ________ of paired bones

A

Internal rotation

19
Q

Articulations of occiput

A

With the atlas at the condyles
With the sphenoid at the synchondrosis.
With parietal bone at the lambdoidal suture.
With temporal bones at the occipitomastoid suture.

20
Q

Occiput clinical correlations

A
  • Dysfunction in the OA joint will influence the occiput.
  • Trauma to the occiput from behind can cause SBS dysfunctions as well as sutural restrictions
  • Muscular dysfunction in the suboccipital region can affect the occiput and the dural membranes.
  • Sutural restrictions associated with the temporal and parietal bones can affect occipital motion, specifically the OM (occipitomastoid) suture.
21
Q

Sphenoid articulations

A

With occiput at SBS.
With temporal bones at petrous portions.
With ethmoid anteriorly.
With palatine bones inferiorly.
With frontal bone bilaterally at both greater and lesser wings.
With vomer inferiorly.

22
Q

Sphenoid dysfunction

A
  • Due to associations with CN I-VI dysfunction in the sphenoid could lead to optical and trigeminal disturbances.
  • Endocrine problems could be a result of sphenoid dysfunctions
  • Dysfunction due to forceps delivery
23
Q

Frontal articulations

A 
Parietals (2)
Ethmoid (1)
Greater and lesser wings of sphenoid (1)
Lacrimals (2)
Nasal (2) 
Zygoma (2) at the dentate suture
Maxillae (2) via the frontal process
24
Q

Frontal dysfunction

A

-Trauma
-Fronto-ethmoidal articulation (attachment for falx cerebri)
-Pterion (4 bones - frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal; trauma can wedge frontal inside the rest and limit SBS)
-Frontal headaches
-Eye disturbances
-Nasal pathology
-Cognitive function (frontal lobes)
-Frontal and maxillary sinus problems
Facial restrictions

25
Q

Frontal lift

A

Use to:

  • Mobilize the frontal bone (frequently restricted by the falx cerebri)
  • Release sutural restrictions.
  • Relieve frontal headache and sinus congestion.
26
Q

Parietal articulations

A 
Contralateral parietal
Frontal 
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
27
Q

Parietal indications for evaluation

A
  • Hypertensive headaches (middle meningeal artery)
  • Headache (dural tension)
  • URI (restriction could inhibit drainage from the superior sagittal sinuses)
  • Pain along sutures
28
Q

Temporal articulations

A

Occiput at the occipitomastoid suture
Sphenoid at the sphenotemporal suture
Parietal, allowing for great gliding articulation
Mandible through mandibular fossa/condyle
Zygoma at the zygomatic process

29
Q

Petrous temporal bone contains…

A
  • organs of hearing (cochlea) and balance (vestibular apparatus)
  • openings of several foramina for CN, fossa for trigeminal ganglion and forms jugular foramen with occiput
30
Q

Temporal bone dysfunction can influence…

A

CN III, IV and VI (pass through dural attachments of the temporal bone)
CN V (Trigeminal ganglion is between layers of dura in the petrous portion of the temporal bone)
CN VII and VIII (Pass through the internal auditory meatus)
IX, X and XI (Pass through the jugular foramen)
Jugular vein, carotid artery, TMJ, eustachian tube…

31
Q

Blood vessels passing through temporals

A 
Internal carotid artery
Stylomastoid artery
Internal jugular vein
Occipital artery
Inferior petrosal sinus
Middle meningeal vessels
Tympanic branch of maxillary artery
Internal auditory branch of basilar artery
Internal cochlear branches to jugular
32
Q

Temporal indications for evaluation

A 
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Headaches
Nausea 
Otitis Media
Hyperaccusis
Optical difficulties
Facial nerve palsy
Trigeminal neuralgia
33
Q

Sutherland’s fulcrum

A

Located at course of straight sinus where falx cerebri unites with tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebelli

34
Q

Indications for venous sinus drainage

A

Headache, URI, and other problems

Neuro (6 decks)

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