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gcse Chemistry > Cram > Flashcards

Cram Flashcards

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1
Q

Flame test colours (6)

A

Li+ crimson
Na+ yellow
K+ lilac

Ca2+ brick red
Ba2+ apple green
Cu2+ green/ blue

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2
Q

What reacts with metal ions to form coloured precipitates

Colours pls (6)

A

NaOH

Ca2+ white insoluble in excess NaOH
Mg2+ white insoluble in excess NaOH
Al3+ white soluble

Cu2+ blue
Fe2+ (dirty) green
Fe3+ brown

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3
Q

Test for carbonate

Result

A

Add an acid

Produces CO2, cloudy limewater

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4
Q

Test for sulphate

Result

A

Dilute HCL and BaCl2

White insoluble precipitate (BaSO4)

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5
Q

Test for halide ions

Result

A

Dilute HNO3 and AgNO3
Produces different colour precipitates

Cl- white
Br- cream
I- yellow

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6
Q

3 advantages and 2 disadvantages of instrumental methods of analysis

A

More accurate and sensitive
Faster
Enables small samples to be analysed

Need to have a skilled/ trained specialist to use it
Very expensive

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7
Q

What does mass spectroscopy show (2)

A

The relative molecular mass of a compound

Shows the structure by how the sample breaks up as it passes though, the fragmentation pattern can be matched to known compounds

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8
Q

Colours of phenolphthalein indicator

A

Alkali pink

Acid colourless

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9
Q

How to get mol/dm3 to g/dm3

A

x Mr

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10
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid?

And the other product?

A

Add an oxidising agent [such as potassium dichromate (VI) solution], H2SO4 catalyst and water bath to alcohol

Water

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11
Q

Sodium + ethanol ->

A

Sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

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12
Q

Test for carboxylic acid

What does it produce

A

Add a carbonate (e.g. sodium carbonate)

Carbon dioxide and water

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13
Q

Volatile meaning

A

Evaporates easily

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14
Q

Making an ester

+ 3 conditions

A

Alcohol + carboxylic acid

Add CONCENTRATED H2SO4 catalyst
Got water bath
Add NaHCO3 to neutralise acid catalyst

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15
Q

The Haber process

A

H2 is from methane at high temperatures
N2 is from the air by fractional distillation

Gas stream contains purified H2 and N2

Converter heats the mixture to 450°C and compresses to a pressure of 200atm

Reaction vessel has the gases over an iron catalyst

Separator cools gases
Only ammonia condenses and is removed as a liquid

Unreacted H2 and N2 are recycled back to the reaction vessel

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16
Q

Activation energy definition

A

Energy required to break the bonds between the atoms of the reactants
Minimum amount of energy that particles need for a reaction to start

17
Q

Why does the reaction become more exothermic as the alcohol increases in size

A

Extra energy released forming bonds in the products is even greater as more CO2 and H2O molecules are produced.

This is greater than the energy required to break the extra bonds of the reactants as there are more bonds to break due to the increase in size

18
Q

Where does electrolysis of water take place

A

Hoffman Voltameter

19
Q

How is air separated by fractional distillation

A

Air is filtered to remove any solid particles
Air is compressed
Pipes containing cold water cools air and solid CO2 and H2O are removed
Pressure is released so cools to 200°C so turns into liquid air
Fractional distillation separates gases at different boiling points
N2 boils, O2 does not, Ar collected between

20
Q

What is amphoteric

A

Behave like both acids and bases as they can react and dissolve in both
They do not dissolve in water

21
Q

Bioleaching

A

Bacteria feeds on ore
Chemical reaction produces a solution of Cu2+ ions

Add H2SO4 to make CuSO4

Electrolysis or displacement with an iron nail first

22
Q

Phytomining

A

Grow plants on wasteland with low grade copper ore
Plants absorb Cu2+ ions from soil through roots

Burn plants, ash contains CuO

Add H2SO4 to make CuSO4

Electrolysis or displacement with an iron nail first

23
Q

Conditions for low density polyethene

A

High pressure and O2

24
Q

Conditions for high density polyethene

A

Catalyst at 50°C with slightly raised pressure

25
Q

Reactivity series

A 
Group 1 (potassium, sodium)
Group 2 (calcium, magnesium)
Aluminium
CARBON
transition metals (zinc, iron, tin, lead)
HYDROGEN
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum
26
Q

Which electrode do the plating material and object need to be

A

Anode is the playing material

Cathode is the object that will be played

27
Q

How do the beads help fractional distillation

A

Increases surface area

Beads condense substances with higher boiling points more readily so drop back down

28
Q

Gas chromatography steps

A

Sample mixture is vaporised and injected at top of column
A ‘carrier’ gas moves sample vapour through column
Different substances in the sample have different attractions to the column (this is the basis of their separation)
-substances with strong attractions take a longer time to travel through so have a long retention time

29
Q

How can one get a louder squeaky pop test

A

Allow the hydrogen to mix with some oxygen

gcse Chemistry (8 decks)

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