Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CardioRenal III > CR3 pharm 1-3 > Flashcards

CR3 pharm 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

First line drug in the treatment of primary hypertension

A

ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First line drug in the treatment of all stages of heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which RAAS inhibitor can be given for acute MI

A

ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which RAAS inhibitor can be given for chronic renal disease. What is the mechanism at play

A

ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril) - Slows the rate of decline in renal function hy reducing intra-glomerular pressure and by increasing permeability selectivity of the filtering membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Angioedema and cough are side effects of which drug class

A

ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indication for use of Alisikren

A

Primary hypertension (not first line)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effects common to all RAAS inhibitors

A

GI distrubance, headache, dizziness, HYPOtension, Renal function impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

indication for use of AT1 receptor Blockers (ARB)

A

Losartan and Valsartan are used as alternatives to ACE inhibitors (for patients who cant tolerate ACE inhibitors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which drug/class is used to treat Angioedema (both hereditary and drug induced)

A

Bradykinin Receptor Blocker (Icatibant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the endothelin receptor antagonists

A

Bosentsan (nonselective) and Ambresentan (Eta-selective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patient presents with Pulmonary and Atrial hypertension- drug of choice

A

endothelin receptor antagonists = Bosentsan or Ambresentan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects of endothelin receptor antagonists

A

Headache, flushing, HYPOtension, peripheral edema, palpations, reflex tachycardia, increased hepatic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contraindication for the use of endothelin receptor antagonists

A

pregnancy (teratogenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute decompensated heart failure - durg choice

A

IV Nestiritide (Natiuritic peptide antagonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indication for the use of Sacubitril + Valsartan (what are the drug drug interactions and counteridications for this regimen)

A

Chronic Heart failure. DD= other RAAS inhibitors CI - History of Angioedema and ARB CI (pregnancy and bilateral renal stenosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA Aliskiren

A

supress plasma renin activity (prevent the conversion of Angiotensinogen to AGT1 resulting in reduced AT2 levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOA ACE inhitors

A

inhibit the conversion of AT1 to AT2 (reduce circulating levels of AT2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA Lossartan and Valsartan

A

Block the AT1 receptor leading to reduced circulating levels of AT2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOA Icatibant

A

blocks bradykinin receptor thereby reducing vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA Borsentsan and Ambrisentan

A

blocks endothilin receptors to relax smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nesiritide MOA

A

Naturietic peptide agonist - relax arteries and veins and promote diruresis and naturesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sacubitril MOA

A

Enhances the effects of ANP and BNO by blocking Neprilysin (the enzyme that breaks them down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the thiazide diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOA Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Inhibits Na/Cl cotranporter in the DCT and enhanced Ca reabsortion in the PCT and DCT. Results in increased excretion of NaCl, K, and water and decreased excretion of Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

MOA Chlorthalidone

A

Inhibits Na/Cl cotranporter in the DCT and enhanced Ca reabsortion in the PCT and DCT. Results in increased excretion of NaCl, K, and water and decreased excretion of Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MOA Furcosemide

A

inhibits Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending loop of henle. Results in increased excretion of NaCl, K, H20, Mg, and Ca in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the potassium sparing diuretics

A

Spironlactone and Epleronone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

MOA Spironolactone

A

Calcium sparing diureticL Aldosterone receptor antagonist in the collecting tubule. Results in decreased Na and Cl reabsorption and preservation of K (ONLY CLASS OF DRUGS NOT REQUIRED TO BE SECRETED TO PRODUCE EFFECTS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

MOA Epleronone

A

Calcium sparing diuretic: Aldosterone receptor antagonist in the collecting tubule. Results in decreased Na and Cl reabsorption and preservation of K (ONLY CLASS OF DRUGS NOT REQUIRED TO BE SECRETED TO PRODUCE EFFECTS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what diuretic is used to treat mild CHF

A

Thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothlidone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what drug is used to treat lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes incipitous

A

Thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothlidone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what diuretic can be used to relieve polyuria and polydipsia

A

thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothlidone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what drug can be used to treat nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

A

thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothlidone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what drug can be used to treat diabetes incipitous

A

thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothlidone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis and Dilutional hyponatremia are AE of what class

A

Thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothlidone) and loop diuretics (Furcosemide)

36
Q

ototoxicity is an AE of what class

A

Loop Diuretics (Furcosemide) - also have Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis and dilutional hyponatremia as AE (just like thiazides)

37
Q

drug of choice for severe HF with renal insuficiency

A

loop diuretics (Furcosemide)

38
Q

Drug of choice for acute pulmonary edema

A

loop diuretics (Furcosemide)

39
Q

treatment of hypercalcemia with renal failure or HF

A

loop diuretics (Furcosemide) + saline

40
Q

what drug is added to diuretic therapy for treatment of edema and hypertension

A

potassium sparing diruetic (Spironolactone, Epleronone) - combined with other drugs to normalize plasma K

41
Q

what drug is used to treat both primary and hyperaldosteronemia

A

potassium sparing diruetic (Spironolactone, Epleronone)

42
Q

diuretic of choice for chronic heart failure

A

potassium sparing diruetic (Spironolactone, Epleronone)

43
Q

drug of choice for hepatic cirrhosis

A

potassium sparing diruetic (Spironolactone, Epleronone)

44
Q

Spironolactone and Epleronone should not be given with what other drugs

A

Oral K, other K sparing diuretics, and NSAIDS

45
Q

Contraindications for the use of Spirinolactone and Epleronone

A

Hyperkalemia and Renal insuficiency

46
Q

what drug is used to treat nonlife threatening hyperkalemia

47
Q

MOA Patiromer

A

Osmotic Diuretic: Binds excess potassium in the intestine promoting its excretion

48
Q

MOA Mannitol

A

increases the osmolality of renal tubular fluid by preventing H2O reabsorption in the PCT and DLH and oppose the action of ADH in the collecting tubules

49
Q

Pulmonary Edema, Poor cardiac reserve, severe dehydration, and active cranial bleeding are all contrindications for what class

A

osmotic diuretics (mannitol)

50
Q

which drug is used to treat intracranial hemotoma or cerebral edema

A

osmotic diuretics (mannitol)

51
Q

which drug can prevent anuria caused by hemolysis or rhabdomyolysis

A

osmotic diuretics (mannitol)

52
Q

Acetazolamide MOA

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor: Renal= produces diuresis by decreases NaHCO3 reapsorption and NaCl reabsorption in PCT Eye/CNS: decreased secretion of aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid

53
Q

what drug is used to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness

A

acetazolamide

54
Q

what drug is used to treat compensatory metabolic acidosis caused by excessive use of diuretics or respiratory acidosis

A

acetazolamide

55
Q

what drug is used to treat urinary acidosis

A

acetazolamide

56
Q

Renal stones, Metabolic acidosis and potassium wasting are AE of

A

acetazolamide

57
Q

AE of large doses of acetazolamide

A

drowsiness and parasthesia

58
Q

what drug is used to treat hypertensive patients with other indications such as MI, angina, migraine, arrythmia, and HF

A

Propranolol

59
Q

which betablocker can be used in a hypertensive crisis

60
Q

treatment oc chronic hypertension with BPH

61
Q

name the Beta blockers used in HTN treatment

A

Propranolol(nonselective) Metoprolol (B1 selective) Labetalol (nonselective B and a1)

62
Q

alpha 1 blocker used in HTN

63
Q

drugs that are used in HTN that block alpha and beta

A

cavedilol and labetalol

64
Q

alpha 2 agonists used in treatment of HTN

A

Clonidine and a-methyldopa

65
Q

major site of loop diuretics

A

thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

66
Q

major site of thiazide diuretics

A

Distal convoluted tubule

67
Q

Calcium channel blockers used in the treatment of HTN

A

Amlodipine and Nefedlipine

68
Q

MOA Amlodipine and Nifedlipine

A

reduce calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle to relax blood vessels and lower BP

69
Q

flushing, headache, peripheral edema AE of what class

A

calcium channel blockers

70
Q

arterial dilators must be combined with what other drugs to maintian hypotensive effects

A

Sympatholytic and diuretic

71
Q

lupus erythematous like syndrome is an AE of

A

Hydralazine

72
Q

indications for use of Hydralazine

A

1.) Moderate to severe hypertension 2.) Chronic heart failure

73
Q

what drug is used to treat serve refractory hypertension

74
Q

MOA Minoxidil

A

Arterial Dilator: Potassium channel opener (hyperpolarizes the membrane and inhibits Ca influx)

75
Q

stimulation of hair growth is an AE of what drug

76
Q

what drug acts as both an arterial and venous dilator

A

Nitroprusside

77
Q

MOA Nitroprusside

A

NO donor- relaxes both veins and arteries to reduce preload and afterload

78
Q

indication for use of Nitroprusside

A

Hypertensive Emergency

79
Q

Cyanide toxicity is an AE of what drug

A

Nitroprusside

80
Q

Pregnancy, Leber’s optic atrophy and tobacco amblyopia, and impaired renal function are contraindications for what drug

A

Nitroprusside

81
Q

drug of choice for hypertensive emergency in a patient with good renal function

A

nitroprusside

82
Q

drug of choice in hypertensive emergency in patient with renal failure

A

fenoldopam

83
Q

MOA Fenoldopam

A

activates dopamine receptors on coronary arteries causing relaxation of vessels

84
Q

Fenoldopam contraindication

85
Q

which drugs can be used with diabetes and HTN in non-black patient

A

ACE inhibitors and ARB

86
Q

which drugs can be used to treat HTN in pregnancy

A

Ca blockers, methyldopa

87
Q

which drugs can be used to treat HTN with diabetes in a black patient

A

thiazide diuretic and CCB

CardioRenal III (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions