CR-Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
An inflammatory condition of the lung leading to abnormal alveolar filling with consolidation and exudation.
What is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide?
Pneumonia.
Which age groups are most affected by pneumonia?
The youngest (children 0-5 years) and oldest (adults aged 71-80 and 81 and above).
What are the four stages of pneumonia?
- Congestion
- Red Hepatization
- Gray Hepatization
- Resolution
What characterizes the Congestion stage of pneumonia?
Vascular engorgement, intra-alveolar fluid, & numerous bacteria; lung is heavy, boggy & red.
What characterizes the Red Hepatization stage of pneumonia?
Massive exudation with red blood cells, leukocytes, & fibrin filling alveolar spaces; appears red, firm, & airless.
What characterizes the Gray Hepatization stage of pneumonia?
Progressive disintegration of red blood cells and persistence of a fibrin exudate.
What happens during the Resolution stage of pneumonia?
Consolidated exudate undergoes progressive digestion, producing debris that is later reabsorbed or coughed up.
Name some causes of pneumonia.
- Bacteria (e.g. Streptococcus pneumonia)
- Fungi
- Virus (e.g. respiratory syncytial)
- Parasites
- Chemical
- Aspiration
- Inhalation (smoke, burns)
What are the classifications of pneumonia based on setting?
- Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
- Health Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)
- Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
- Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
What is the anatomical classification of pneumonia?
- Lobar Pneumonia
- Bronchopneumonia
What is a common symptom of pneumonia?
Fever.
What are less common symptoms of pneumonia?
- Coughing up of blood
- Fatigue
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Wheezing
- Confusion
What are some complications of pneumonia?
- Lung abscess
- Pleural effusions
- Empyema
- Septic Shock
What are the medical diagnosis criteria for pneumonia?
- Temperature > 37.8°C (>100°F)
- HR > 100 bpm
- Crackles
- Decreased breath sounds or bronchial breath sounds
- Absence of asthma
What diagnostic tests are used for pneumonia?
- CXR
- CT Scan
- Blood test
- Sputum culture
- Pleural fluid culture
- Bronchoscopy
What is a common treatment for pneumonia?
- Antibiotics/Anti-Fungal medication
- Oxygen support
- Hydration – IV fluids
- Rest
- Analgesics
- Cough suppressant medication
- Fever-reducing medication
True or False: Vaccination programs can help prevent pneumonia.
True.
What physiotherapy treatments are recommended for pneumonia?
Care needed as it may increase oxygen consumption & demand or cause bronchospasm; treat clinical signs and symptoms.
Fill in the blank: The consolidated exudate within the alveolar spaces undergoes progressive digestion to produce _______.
[debris].
