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hsc pdhpe; core 1 > cq2; cancer > Flashcards

cq2; cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nature of cancer?

A

A condition in which the body’s cells divide uncontrollably → forms tumours → disruptions to the normal functioning of the organ where it is located
- These tumours can spread to other parts of the body

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2
Q

What are the different types of tumours?

A
  • Benign tumours
  • Malignant tumours
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3
Q

What are benign tumours?

A

Non-cancerous and have no threat of spreading

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4
Q

What are malignant tumours?

A

Cancerous and have threat of spreading

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5
Q

What is the process of metastasis?

A

When untreated malignant cancer cells invade other parts of the body through the blood stream and the lymphatic system.

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6
Q

What are the classifications of cancer?

A
  • Carcinoma
  • Sarcoma
  • Leukemia
  • Lymphoma
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7
Q

What are Carcinoma?

A

Where cancer affects epithelial cells (e.g. skin, breast and lungs)

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8
Q

What is Sarcoma?

A

Where cancer affects bone, muscle and other connective tissue

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9
Q

What is Leukemia?

A

Where cancer affects blood and bone marrow (where blood is formed)

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10
Q

What is Lymphoma?

A

Where cancer affects blood in the lymphatic system

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11
Q

What is the extent of cancer?

A
  • 18% of the total disease burden (2022)
  • 10% of the spending on diseases (2022)
  • 160,000 new cases of cancer (2022)
  • Leading cause of death in Australia
  • 90% of people diagnosed with lung cancer are smokers
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12
Q

What are the risk factors of skin cancer?

A

Modifiable;
- Unprotected exposure to the sun

Non-modifiable;
- Having fair skin
- Having a large number of moles

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13
Q

What are the protective factors of skin cancer?

A
  • Sun protection
  • Avoiding sunlight exposure
  • Sunscreen
  • Wearing hats
  • Sunglasses
  • Protective clothing (e.g. long sleeved shirts)
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14
Q

What are the risk factors of breast cancer?

A

Modifiable;
- High fat diet
- Physical inactivity
- Late first pregnancy
- Not having children

Non-modifiable;
- Early onset of menstruation
- Late onset menopause

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15
Q

What are the protective factors of breast cancer?

A
  • Self-examinations
    -Screenings (e.g. mammograms, ultrasounds)
  • Maintaining healthy weight
  • Avoiding alcohol consumption
  • Eating less high fat and ‘white foods’
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16
Q

What are the risk factors of lung cancer?

A

Modifiable;
- Tobacco smoking
- Second hand smoke

17
Q

What are the protective factors of lung cancer?

A
  • Avoid/Quit smoking tobacco
  • Controlled alcohol consumption
  • Healthy, balanced diet
18
Q

What are the common non-modifiable risk factors for cancer?

A
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Family history
19
Q

What are socio-cultural determinants for skin cancer?

A

People may conduct skin-tanning for aesthetic appeal → risk of skin cancer

20
Q

What are socio-economic determinants for skin cancer?

A

SED individuals may be unaware of the risk factors for skin cancer and unknowingly expose themselves to carcinogens.

21
Q

What are environmental determinants for skin cancer?

A

People in Australia are constantly exposed to sun exposure
- Namely for; tradespeople, beach goers, outdoor sports, children playing outdoors

22
Q

What are socio-cultural/socio-economic/environmental determinants for skin cancer?

A

Since more women are in the workplace due to the change in women’s rights (socio-cultural) an financial needs (socio-economic), many women have children later in life or not at all → both of which are risk factors of breast cancer

23
Q

What are socio-cultural determinants for lung cancer?

A
  • Changes in society’s views on tobacco smoking has changed people’s behaviours → decreased lung cancer incidence
  • Passive smoking of family and friends
24
Q

What are socio-economic determinants for lung cancer?

A
  • People in certain occupations have increased exposure to carcinogens (e.g. mining and construction)
  • Low SES → low health literacy
25
Q

What are environmental determinants for lung cancer?

A
  • Increased levels of stress from work, financial issues or personal issues may be inclined to smoke tobacco as a form of alleviating stress
26
Q

Who are the groups at risk of skin cancer?

A
  • Fair skin, blue eyes and/or red hair
  • Constantly exposed to the sun
  • Low SES
27
Q

Who are the groups at risk of breast cancer?

A
  • Women
  • High fat diets
  • Family history of breast cancer
  • Low SES
28
Q

Who are the groups at risk of lung cancer?

A
  • Tobacco smokers
  • Blue collar workers
  • Family history
  • Low SES

hsc pdhpe; core 1 (13 decks)

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