CPR, AED and First Aid Flashcards by Ellie Turner

What is the ABC of survival?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation

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What is the chain of survival?

Early recog, early CPR, early defib, post-resus care

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What is asphyxia?

When the body is deprived of oxygen

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What can cause asphyxia?

Drowning, tongue blocking airway

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What is cardiac arrest?

When the heart stops pumping blood around the body

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How many compressions in CPR?

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How many rescue breaths in CPR?

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When do you give 5 initial rescue breaths?

Drowned casualty, child and infant

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How many hands used for compressions on a child?

One

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How many fingers used for compressions on an infant?

Two

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Depth of compressions for an adult?

5-6 cm

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If tracheostomy, how do you complete rescue breaths?

Through the stoma, covering the mouth and nose

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Sign of choking

Cough, blue face, gripping throat

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Symptoms of choking

Unable to breathe or speak, distressed

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What do you do first with a choking casualty?

Encourage them to cough

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What do you do second with a choking casualty?

5 back blows

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What do you do if the back blows fail?

5 abdominal thrusts

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What do you do for infants if back blows fail?

5 chest thrusts

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What are the priorities of first aid?

Preserve life, Alleviate suffering, Prevent situation from getting worse, Promote casualty recovery

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Examples of content of first aid box?

Sterile dressing, bandage, gloves

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What is a hygiene procedure in first aid?

Wear gloves, wash hands

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What to do with needles and sharps?

Make sure nobody goes near the sharps then move it to the sharps container (not with hands)

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What can help you determine history?

Medic alert bracelet, witnesses, friends and family

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What are symptoms?

What the casualty describes the pain to be

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What are signs?

Something you can see

What is the primary survey?

Assessing the Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation

What is a secondary survey?

Looking for signs and symptoms through a thorough examination of the casualty

Symptom of a heart attack

Pain in chest, feeling of impending doom

Sign of a heart attack

Pale skin, clutching chest

Treatment of heart attack

Half sitting position, loosen clothing, call 999, reassure

Symptom of shock

Disorientated, thirst

Sign of shock

Pale, blue lips, shallow breathing

Treatment of shock

Raise legs, loosen clothing, call 999, reassure

Symptom of asthma

Breathing difficulties

Sign of asthma

Breathing difficulties, wheezy breathing, anxiety

Treatment of asthma

Reassure, comfortable position, assist with medication

Symptom of anaphylactic shock

Feeling of terror, impaired breathing

Sign of anaphylactic shock

Swelling, rash, difficulty breathing

Treatment of anaphylactic shock

Call 999, ask if have an epi-pen, casualty should administer own medication

Symptom of hyperventilation

Faint, dizzy, tight chest

Sign of hyperventilation

Fast and deep breathing

Treatment of hyperventilation

Quiet area, reassure (calm but firm), encourage slow breaths, small sips of water

Bleeding from capillaries

Trickle

Bleeding from veins

Ooze

Bleeding from artery

Spurt

Treatment of external bleeding

Dressing

Symptom/sign of internal bleeding

Pale skin, bruising

Treatment of internal breathing

Call 999, lie down

Treatment of nose bleed

Head tilted forward, breathe through mouth, pressure to both sides of nose

Symptom of burns

Pain in area, shock

Sign of burns

Blistering, swelling, redness

Treatment of burns

Cool running water for at least 10 minutes, dressing

Treatment of electric shock

Isolate power, call 999, treat burns and shock

Symptom of a fracture

Severe pain, hard to move

Sign of a fracture

Cracking sounds, swelling, sometimes bleeding

Treatment of a fracture

Try not to move casualty, support injury with a sling, sterile dressing

Support sling

Arm, wrist or ribs, only for casualties who can bend their elbow

Elevation sling

Support arm and hand, helps to control bleeding and minimise swelling

Treatment of dislocation

Comfortable position, support the limb, don't try to relocate

What are sprains?

Where ligaments have been wrenched at joints

What are strains?

When muscles are over-stretched

Sign of sprains and strains

Swelling

Treatment of sprains and strains

Rest, Ice, Comfortable position, Elevation

Symptom of cramp

Pain in muscle

Sign of cramp

Muscle feels hard or tight

Treatment of cramp

Stretch muscle carefully, rest

What is concussion?

Altered level of consciousness

What is compression?

Pressure to brain from a head injury or bleed in the brain

Symptom of head injuries

Dizzyness, headache

Sing of head injuries

Skin colour change, dilated pupils, swelling/bruising of head

Treatment of head injuries

Call 999, lie down, keep neck and body in line

Treatment of eye injuries

Don't rub eye, wash out foreign bodies, apply eye pad

Symptom of fainting

Nausea, blurred vision

Sign of fainting

Unsteady, pale, shallow breathing, brief unconsciousness

Treatment of fainting

Reassure, breathe deep and slow, raise legs, loosen clothing, sips of water

Signs and symptoms of stroke

FAST: Face, Arms, Speech, Time

Treatment of stroke

Call 999, lay down with head and shoulders raised, reassure

Examples of poisoning

Drugs, alcohol, chemicals, gases

Symptom of poisoning

Nauseous

Sign of poisoning

Evidence, smell, vomiting

Treatment of poisoning

Safe place, remove cause, treat injuries, rinse mouth if swallowed

Treatment of bites and stings

If visible brush it out with a credit card, apply cold compress

What is hyperglycaemia?

Too much blood sugar

What is hypoglycaemia?

Too little blood sugar

Symptom of hyperglycaemia

Rapid pulse, drowsiness

Sign of hyperglycaemia

Thirst, sweet fruity smell on breath

Treatment of hyperglycaemia

Call 999

Symptom of hypoglycaemia

Rapid pulse, faint, confusion, aggression

Sign of hypoglycaemia

Pale skin, sweating, mistaken for someone drunk

Treatment of hypoglycaemia

Sugary food/drink

Sign of seizure

Stiffen, back arch, limp, sudden jerking movements

Treatment of seizure

If in water keep head clear of water, support casualty, monitor, reassure, protect head, loosen clothing, time the seizure

When do you call 999 for a seizure?

If its their first, lasts longer than 5 mins, doesn't wake up

Symptom of hypothermia

Cold, tired

Sign of hypothermia

Shivering, pale/cold skin

Treatment of hypothermia

Gentle handling, warm place, remove wet clothing, comfortable position, blankets, warm drink

After incidents what should you do?

Clean up, refill first aid, write up incident

What is RIDDOR?

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulation

What does RIDDOR require?

Reporting of accidents such as death, major injuries, incidents etc