CPR, AED and First Aid Flashcards
What is the ABC of survival?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What is the chain of survival?
Early recog, early CPR, early defib, post-resus care
What is asphyxia?
When the body is deprived of oxygen
What can cause asphyxia?
Drowning, tongue blocking airway
What is cardiac arrest?
When the heart stops pumping blood around the body
How many compressions in CPR?
30
How many rescue breaths in CPR?
2
When do you give 5 initial rescue breaths?
Drowned casualty, child and infant
How many hands used for compressions on a child?
One
How many fingers used for compressions on an infant?
Two
Depth of compressions for an adult?
5-6 cm
If tracheostomy, how do you complete rescue breaths?
Through the stoma, covering the mouth and nose
Sign of choking
Cough, blue face, gripping throat
Symptoms of choking
Unable to breathe or speak, distressed
What do you do first with a choking casualty?
Encourage them to cough
What do you do second with a choking casualty?
5 back blows
What do you do if the back blows fail?
5 abdominal thrusts
What do you do for infants if back blows fail?
5 chest thrusts
What are the priorities of first aid?
Preserve life, Alleviate suffering, Prevent situation from getting worse, Promote casualty recovery
Examples of content of first aid box?
Sterile dressing, bandage, gloves
What is a hygiene procedure in first aid?
Wear gloves, wash hands
What to do with needles and sharps?
Make sure nobody goes near the sharps then move it to the sharps container (not with hands)
What can help you determine history?
Medic alert bracelet, witnesses, friends and family
What are symptoms?
What the casualty describes the pain to be
What are signs?
Something you can see
What is the primary survey?
Assessing the Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation
What is a secondary survey?
Looking for signs and symptoms through a thorough examination of the casualty
Symptom of a heart attack
Pain in chest, feeling of impending doom
Sign of a heart attack
Pale skin, clutching chest
Treatment of heart attack
Half sitting position, loosen clothing, call 999, reassure
Symptom of shock
Disorientated, thirst
Sign of shock
Pale, blue lips, shallow breathing
Treatment of shock
Raise legs, loosen clothing, call 999, reassure
Symptom of asthma
Breathing difficulties
Sign of asthma
Breathing difficulties, wheezy breathing, anxiety
Treatment of asthma
Reassure, comfortable position, assist with medication
Symptom of anaphylactic shock
Feeling of terror, impaired breathing
Sign of anaphylactic shock
Swelling, rash, difficulty breathing
Treatment of anaphylactic shock
Call 999, ask if have an epi-pen, casualty should administer own medication
Symptom of hyperventilation
Faint, dizzy, tight chest
Sign of hyperventilation
Fast and deep breathing
Treatment of hyperventilation
Quiet area, reassure (calm but firm), encourage slow breaths, small sips of water
Bleeding from capillaries
Trickle
Bleeding from veins
Ooze
Bleeding from artery
Spurt
Treatment of external bleeding
Dressing
Symptom/sign of internal bleeding
Pale skin, bruising
Treatment of internal breathing
Call 999, lie down
Treatment of nose bleed
Head tilted forward, breathe through mouth, pressure to both sides of nose
Symptom of burns
Pain in area, shock
Sign of burns
Blistering, swelling, redness
Treatment of burns
Cool running water for at least 10 minutes, dressing
Treatment of electric shock
Isolate power, call 999, treat burns and shock
Symptom of a fracture
Severe pain, hard to move
Sign of a fracture
Cracking sounds, swelling, sometimes bleeding
Treatment of a fracture
Try not to move casualty, support injury with a sling, sterile dressing
Support sling
Arm, wrist or ribs, only for casualties who can bend their elbow
Elevation sling
Support arm and hand, helps to control bleeding and minimise swelling
Treatment of dislocation
Comfortable position, support the limb, don’t try to relocate
What are sprains?
Where ligaments have been wrenched at joints
What are strains?
When muscles are over-stretched
Sign of sprains and strains
Swelling
Treatment of sprains and strains
Rest, Ice, Comfortable position, Elevation
Symptom of cramp
Pain in muscle
Sign of cramp
Muscle feels hard or tight
Treatment of cramp
Stretch muscle carefully, rest
What is concussion?
Altered level of consciousness
What is compression?
Pressure to brain from a head injury or bleed in the brain
Symptom of head injuries
Dizzyness, headache
Sing of head injuries
Skin colour change, dilated pupils, swelling/bruising of head
Treatment of head injuries
Call 999, lie down, keep neck and body in line
Treatment of eye injuries
Don’t rub eye, wash out foreign bodies, apply eye pad
Symptom of fainting
Nausea, blurred vision
Sign of fainting
Unsteady, pale, shallow breathing, brief unconsciousness
Treatment of fainting
Reassure, breathe deep and slow, raise legs, loosen clothing, sips of water
Signs and symptoms of stroke
FAST: Face, Arms, Speech, Time
Treatment of stroke
Call 999, lay down with head and shoulders raised, reassure
Examples of poisoning
Drugs, alcohol, chemicals, gases
Symptom of poisoning
Nauseous
Sign of poisoning
Evidence, smell, vomiting
Treatment of poisoning
Safe place, remove cause, treat injuries, rinse mouth if swallowed
Treatment of bites and stings
If visible brush it out with a credit card, apply cold compress
What is hyperglycaemia?
Too much blood sugar
What is hypoglycaemia?
Too little blood sugar
Symptom of hyperglycaemia
Rapid pulse, drowsiness
Sign of hyperglycaemia
Thirst, sweet fruity smell on breath
Treatment of hyperglycaemia
Call 999
Symptom of hypoglycaemia
Rapid pulse, faint, confusion, aggression
Sign of hypoglycaemia
Pale skin, sweating, mistaken for someone drunk
Treatment of hypoglycaemia
Sugary food/drink
Sign of seizure
Stiffen, back arch, limp, sudden jerking movements
Treatment of seizure
If in water keep head clear of water, support casualty, monitor, reassure, protect head, loosen clothing, time the seizure
When do you call 999 for a seizure?
If its their first, lasts longer than 5 mins, doesn’t wake up
Symptom of hypothermia
Cold, tired
Sign of hypothermia
Shivering, pale/cold skin
Treatment of hypothermia
Gentle handling, warm place, remove wet clothing, comfortable position, blankets, warm drink
After incidents what should you do?
Clean up, refill first aid, write up incident
What is RIDDOR?
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulation
What does RIDDOR require?
Reporting of accidents such as death, major injuries, incidents etc
