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VTS ECC > Week 5 -CPR > Flashcards

Week 5 -CPR Flashcards

1
Q

ABP waveform - dull and round

A

OVERdamped - Systolic LOW and diastolic HIGH

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2
Q

ABP waveform - tall and sharp

A

UNDERdamped - Systolic HIGH and diastolic LOW

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3
Q

Dicrotic notch that approaches peak systolic pressure

A

VasoCONSTRICTION

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4
Q

Dicrotic notch the becomes low and approaches diastolic pressure

A

VasoDILATION

Diastolic = dilation

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5
Q

Increase in blood pressure with concurrent decrease in HR

A

Cushing’s reflex

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6
Q

Urine output

A

1-2ml/kg/hr

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7
Q

Short, rapid, shallow breaths

A

Pleural effusion

Pneumothorax

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8
Q

Prolonged inspiration and short expiration

A

UAO - upper airway obstruction

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9
Q

Prolonged expiration times

A

Lower airway disease

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10
Q

Absence of lung sounds or dullness

A

Pneumothorax

Pleural effusion

Pneumonia

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11
Q

Crackles in lungs

A

Pulmonary edema

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12
Q

Wheezes in lungs

A

Airway disease

Bronchitis

Feline asthma

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13
Q

UAO

A

LOUD, harsh, and high-pitched

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14
Q

Lower airway sounds

A

Quiet and subtle

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15
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic BP

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16
Q

Pulse deficits

A

Variation in synchronicity between HR and pulse = cardiac arrhythmia

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17
Q

Width of BP cuff

A

40-60% of circumference of the site

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18
Q

SpO2

A

Pulse Ox - hemoglobin level

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19
Q

SaO2

A

Arterial blood gas - hemoglobin level

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20
Q

RIGHT curve shift on oxygenation-hemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Elevations in body temp
Acidemia
Hypercapnia

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21
Q

LEFT curve shift on oxygenation-hemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Decrease in body temp
Alkalosis
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Hypocapnia

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22
Q

Oxygenation-hemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Relationship between SpO2 (or SaO2) and PaO2

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23
Q

EtCO2 and PaO2

A

EtCO2 2-5mmHg less than PaO2

EtCO2 35mmHg, PaO2 37-40mmHg

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24
Q

Reasons for hypercapnia (HIGH EtCO2)

A

HYPOventilation - including one lung intubation
Rebreathing of CO2
Increased CO2 production

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25
Reasons for hypocapnia (LOW EtCO2)
Hyperventilation Decreased CO2 production Respiratory alkalosis
26
“Shark fin” capnograph waveform
Airway or breathing circuit obstruction
27
Normal arterial PaO2 values
35-45mmHg dogs 30-35mmHg cats
28
Defibrillator dose
2-4J/kg (biphasic)
29
3 common arrhythmias in CPA
Asystole PEA Vfib
30
EtCO2 in CPA
>18mmHg
31
Compression speed in CPA
100-120 compressions/minute
32
Rapid rise in EtCO2
Sign of ROSC
33
Atropine
ONLY USE ONCE! - early on
34
Vasopressors
EVERY OTHER cycle
35
Sodium Bicarbonate
After >15 minutes of CPR, or pH <7.0
36
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist
37
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine antagonist
38
Vfib after defibrillation (refractory VF)
DOUBLE DOSE of Joules Amiodarone or Lidocaine
39
IVF for CPR
ONLY hypovolemic patients!
40
Corticosteroids in CPA?
NO!! Only for Addisonian or anaphylaxis
41
RECOVER respirations
10rpm,10ml/kg tidal volume, 1 second inspiratory time
42
Internal cardiac massage
Pleural space disease Thoracic trauma Surgery patients Open-CPR
43
Epinephrine
Anti arrhythmic - vasopressin is NOT LOW DOSE ONLY - no high dose
44
Post CPA increased CO2, hypercapnia can lead to
Increased ICP
45
BLS
CAB Circulation, airway, breathing Compression CPR
46
CO production during compressions
30% of normal CO
47
Keel- chested
SKI slope - directly over heart
48
Round chested
DOME - thoracic pump
49
Thoracic pump
WIDEST part of chest
50
Cardiac pump
Directly over heart
51
One handed CPR, circumferential CPR
<7kg animals
52
OCCPR
Open chest CPR Better outcome than close chested LEFT thoracotomy - 4th-5th intercostal space Not recommended for small animals - not enough space
53
Normal arterial pH values
7.35-7.45
54
Normal bicarbonate value
18-25mEq/L
55
Perianesthetic CPA
Survival rate 50%
56
CPA survival rate
<6%
57
PEA
Pulseless electrical activity HR <200bpm DO NOT shock!
58
Pulseless VT
HR >200bpm SHOCK!
59
BLS
Chest compressions Ventilation
60
ALS
Initiate monitoring Vascular access Administering reversal drugs
61
CPA - 1st sign
RESPIRATORY failure, cardio 2nd (humans are opposite)
62
Team members needed for CPR
Leader Compressor Ventilator Vascular accessor Recorder Drug handler
63
Respiratory acidosis
LOW pH HIGH PCO2 = HIGH HCO3 (bicarbonate)
64
Respiratory alkalosis
HIGH pH LOW PCO2 = LOW HCO3
65
Metabolic acidosis
LOW pH LOW HCO3 = LOW PCO2
66
Metabolic alkalosis
HIGH pH HIGH HCO3 = HIGH PCO2
67
Causes of respiratory acidosis
Small airway disease Large airway obstruction Obesity
68
Causes of respiratory alkalosis
Hypoxemia Pain, anxiety, fear Iatrogenic (mechanical ventilation)
69
AFAST views - 4
1. Diaphragmaticohepatic 2. Splenorenal 3. Cystocolic 4. Hepatorenal
70
TFAST views - 5
1. 7th-9th intercostal (chest tube) CTS 2. 5th-6th intercostal (pericardial chest) PCS 3. Subxiphoid view beyond the diaphragm
71
Key finding that parietal and pleural linings are in contact in a healthy aerated lung
Glide signs
72
Chest tube site views
Confirm or rule out pneumothorax
73
Hyperechoic vertical lines and movement is synchronized with glide sign
B-lines Aka “ultrasound lung rockets”
74
Lung artifact created by movement of the lungs at the costopheric angles
Lung curtain
75
B-lines =
Pulmonary contusions
76
Pneumothorax suspected
Glide sign AND B-lines ABSENT!
77
Pericardial chest site
Rule out pericardial and pleural effusions
78
Capnography uses
ET tube confirmation Assess ventilation and CO2 elimination Efficacy of CPR
79
Normal gradient between PCO2 and EtCO2
<5mmHg
80
CPP
Cerebral perfusion pressure MAP-ICP
81
Higher altitudes results in higher absolute ICP
Atmospheric pressure
82
Influenced by the orientation of the neuraxis relative to gravity
Hydrostatic pressure
83
Volume of fluid within the cranial vault and affects the give of the brain tissues
Filling pressure
84
Normal ICP level
5-12mmHg above atmospheric pressure
85
Decrease in urine output
Oliguria
86
Lack of urine production
Andria
87
Catecholamines
Dopamine - “pressure” drug Dobutamine - cardiac “flow” drug Norepinephrine - when dopamine doesn’t work, stronger vasoconstrictor Vasopressin - vasoconstrictor, no effect on heart Epinephrine - rescue therapy

VTS ECC (6 decks)

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