CPR

Question 1

verifying scene safety

Answer 1

make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and victim

Question 2

recognizing cardiac arrest

Answer 2

• check for responsiveness
• no breathing or only gasping
• no definite pulse felt within 10 seconds

Question 3

activating emergency response system

Answer 3

if phone is available, call 911

• if alone with no phone, leave victim to activate the emergency response system and get AED before CPR
• if not alone, send someone to get AED and begin CPR

Question 4

witnessed collapse

Answer 4

if phone is available, call 911

• if alone with no phone, leave victim to activate the emergency response system and get AED before CPR
• if not alone, send someone to get AED and begin CPR

Question 5

unwitnessed collapse

Answer 5

• give 2 minutes of CPR
• leave victim to activate emergency response system and get AED
• return to child/infant and resume CPR

Question 6

compression ventilation without advanced airways adults and adolescents

Answer 6

1 to 2 rescuers
30:2

Question 7

compression ventilation without advanced airways children and infants

Answer 7

1 rescuer
30:2

2 or more rescuers
15:2

Question 8

compression ventilation with advanced airway adults and adolescents

Answer 8

compressions at a rate of 100-120/min

give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min)

Question 9

compression ventilation with advanced airway children

Answer 9

compressions at rate of 100-120/mi

give breath every 2-3 seconds (20-30 breaths/min)

Question 10

compression rate

Answer 10

100-120/min

Question 11

compression depth adults and adolescents

Answer 11

at least 2 inches

Question 12

compression depth children

Answer 12

at least 1/3 anteroposterior diameter of chest

approximately 2 inches

Question 13

compression depth infants

Answer 13

at least 1/3 anteroposterior diameter of chest

approximately 1 1/2 inches

Question 14

hand placement adults and adolescents

Answer 14

2 hands on lower half of breastbone (sternum)

Question 15

hand placement children

Answer 15

2 hands or 1 hand (optional for very small child) on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)

Question 16

hand placement infants

Answer 16

1 rescuer
- 2 fingers or 2 thumbs in the center of the chest, just below nipple line

2 rescuers
2 thumb, encircling hands in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line

if the rescue is unable to achieve recommended depth, use heel of one hand

Question 17

chest recoil

Answer 17

allow complete recoil of chest after each compression; do not lean on the chest after each compression

Question 18

minimizing interruptions

Answer 18

limit interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds with a CCF goal of 80%

Question 19

summary of
Compression to Ventilation Ratios:
Compression Rate:
Compression Depth:

Answer 19

Compression to Ventilation Ratios:
Adults: 30:2 (both single rescuer and team)
Children (1 year to puberty): 30:2 (single rescuer), 15:2 (team)
Infants (<1 year): 30:2 (single rescuer), 15:2 (team)

Compression Rate: 100-120 per minute (for all ages)

Compression Depth:
Adults: At least 2 inches (5 cm)
Children: About 2 inches (5 cm)
Infants: About 1.5 inches (4 cm)

Question 20

How many breaths should be given to a victim who is not breathing at all but has a pulse?

Answer 20

Answer: 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds.

Question 21

How do you perform a head-tilt chin-lift on an adult?

Answer 21

Answer: Place one hand on the forehead, and gently tilt the head back while lifting the chin with the other hand.

Question 22

How do you perform rescue breaths for a child?

Answer 22

Answer: Seal the child’s mouth and nose, and give 2 gentle breaths, watching for chest rise.

Question 23

At what point in CPR should you use an AED?

Answer 23

Answer: As soon as it is available, and after performing CPR for 2 minutes or 5 cycles.

Question 24

What should you do if a child’s airway becomes obstructed?

Answer 24

Perform back blows and chest thrusts (for infants) or abdominal thrusts (for older children).

Question 25

steps

Answer 25

1. verify scene
2. check for response, activate emergency response by phone, get AED
3. no breathing, pulse = rescue breathing (1 breath = 6 seconds) check pulse every 2 mins
4. no breathing, no pulse = start CPR (30:2)
5. use AED
6. shockable = give 1 shock and resume CPR until 2 minutes for AED rhythm check
7. no shockable = resume CPR until 2 minutes for AED rhythm check
8. ALS providers take over

Question 26

Where should the AED pads be placed in the anterolateral placement for adults and children 8 years or older?

Answer 26

-Below the right collarbone

-Side of left nipple

Question 27

AED pad placement: Adults and children 8 years and older

Answer 27

Anterolateral Placement:
- place one pad directly below the right collarbone
- Place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit

Anteroposterior placement:
- Place one AED pad on the left side of the chest, halfway between the tip of the breastbone and left nipple with upper edge of the pad below the nipple line
- Place the other pad on the left side of victim’s back, beneath the shoulder blade, next to the spine

Question 28

What is the preferred method for pulse in an infant?

Answer 28

Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside upper arm, midway between the infant’s elbow and shoulder

Question 29

Pulse Check: Infants

Answer 29

Follow these steps to check the brachial artery pulse in an infant

Step 1: Place 2-3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, between the elbow an shoulder

Step 2: Then press the finger to attempt to feel the pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds
- If you do not feel a pulse within 10 seconds, or the heart rate is 60/min or less, begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions

Question 30

Pulse Check: Children

Answer 30

To perform a pulse check in a child, feel for carotid for femoral pulse

Follow these steps to check the femoral artery pulse

Step 1:
- Place 2 or 3 fingers in inner thigh, midway between the hip bone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meet the torso
When checking a child’s pulse for CPR, you should feel for a carotid pulse on the side of the neck or a femoral pulse on the inner thigh

Step 2:
- Feel for a pulse for a least 5 but no more than 10 seconds
- If you do not feel a pulse within 10 seconds, or heart rate is less than 60/min or less begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compression

Question 31

compression ventilation with advanced airway infants

Answer 31

compressions at rate of 100-120/mi

give breath every 2-3 seconds (20-30 breaths/min)