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First Aid & Safety > Chapter 1-6 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is first aid?

A

the helping behaviors and initial care provided for an acute illness or injury

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2
Q

4 goals of the first aid provider

A
  1. preserving life
  2. alleviating suffering
  3. preventing further illness or injury
  4. promoting recovery
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3
Q

ways to minimize the risk of a lawsuit

A
  • obtain person’s consent
  • do not exceed training level
  • explain any first aid you are about to give
  • one you have started to care for a person, stay with that person (you are legally bound to remain with the person until care is turned over)
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4
Q

abondonment

A

leaving a person after starting to give help without first ensuring that the person will receive continued care at the same level or higher

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5
Q

CONSENT MUST BE OBTAINED BEFORE GIVING FIRST AID

A
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6
Q

informed (expressed) consent

A

verbal permission, or nod

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7
Q

implied consent

A

unresponsive person with life-threatening injuries or alert individuals who does not resist first aid

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8
Q

children

A

consent obtained from parent/guardian

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9
Q

incompetent adults

A

usually a police officer will restrain in a psychiatric emergency, however if they are a harm to themself it is okay to intervene

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10
Q

refusing help

A
  1. inform the person of their condition
  2. what you propose to do
  3. why it is necessary
    - if they still refuse call 911
    (encourage, have witnesses, call law enforcement)
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11
Q

negligence

A

deviation from the accepted standard of care that results in further injury to the person

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12
Q

negligence examples

A
  1. having a duty to act (obligation to give first aid
  2. breaching that duty (not giving care or by giving substandard care)
  3. causing injury and damages
  4. exceeding your level of training
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13
Q

act of omission

A

failure to do what a reasonably prudent person with the same of silimar training would do in the same circumstances

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14
Q

act of commission

A

is doing something that a sresonablt prudent person would not do under the same or similar circumstance

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15
Q

Good Samaritan Laws

A

laws that encourage people to assist others in distress by granting them protection form lawsuits

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16
Q

Good Samaritan laws apply when the rescuer:

A
  • acting during an emergency
  • acting in good faith
  • acting without compensation
  • not guilty of malicious misconduct or gross negligence toward the person
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17
Q

what should be done in emergency?

A
  1. recognize the emergency
  2. decide to help/decide not to help
  3. call 911 if EMS is needed (check the injured person, give first aid)
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18
Q

what info to EMS?

A
  1. person’s location
  2. phone number you are calling from and name
  3. a description of what happened
  4. number of people needing help and any special conditions
  5. a description of the person’s condition
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19
Q

handwashing

A
  • rub hands for 15-20 secs
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20
Q

exposure to blood or body fluids

A
  • wash contaminated area with soap and water
  • report incident to supervisor
  • contact personal physician
  • seek medical care if exposure was significant
21
Q

grieving process

A
  • denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
22
Q

superficial

A

closer to skin

23
Q

deep

A

father inside the body

24
Q

most life threatening conditions affect the…

A
  • respiratory
  • circulatory
  • nervous
25
Q

if oxygen supply is cut off,

A

death will result in 4-6 mins

26
Q

respiration

A

is the passage of air in/out of the lungs

27
Q

air in

A

inhalation

28
Q

air out

A

exhalation

29
Q

ventilation

A

mechanical process that increases and decreases the size of the chest cavity

30
Q

respiratory rates

A
  • decreases at rest
  • increases during exercise
  • rate of breathing is controlled by the brain
31
Q

normal ranges for respirations (breaths/min)

A
  • adults = 12 to 20
  • adolescents (13-18) = 12 to 16
  • school aged children (6-12) = 18 to 30
  • preschoolers (4-5) = 22 to 34
  • toddlers (1-3) = 24 to 40
  • infants = 30 to 60
32
Q

heart

A
  • contracts and relaxes to pump blood through the vessels
  • contains two compartments which are divided into chambers (atrium and ventricle)
33
Q

pulse

A
  • surge of blood that occurs each time the heart contracts
  • pulse is felt anywhere an artery lies underneath the surface
  • locations: carotid artery, femoral artery, radial artery, brachial artery, posterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery
34
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

network of nerve cells that originated in the brain and spinal cord and extends throughout the body
- voluntary and autonomic (involuntary)

35
Q

wrist, hand, fingers

A
  • 8 bones (carpals)
  • 5 long bones of the palm (metacarpals)
  • 14 bones of the fingers (phalanges)
36
Q

physical exam

A

-deformity
- open wounds
- tenderness
- swelling

37
Q

heart attack

A

heart muscle tissue dies because its blood supply is severely reduced or stopped

38
Q

cardiac arrest

A

heart stops beating

39
Q

chain of survival

A

five events that must occur rapidly and in an integrated manner during cardiac arrest
- activation of emergency response system, CPR, rapid defibrillation, advanced emergency medical services, advanced life support and post arrest care

40
Q

purpose of CPR

A
  • cpr moves blood to the heart and brain by giving chest compressions
  • cpr provides periodic breaths to place oxygen into the person’s lungs
41
Q

chest compressions

A
  • adult (2 hands), 2 inches
  • child (1-2 hands), 2 inches
  • infant (2 fingers), 1.5 inches

-give 100 to 120 compressions per minute (speed not rate)

42
Q

infant cpr

A
  • activate ems (if alone, five 5 sets of CPR first)
43
Q

choking

A
  • perform heimlich maneuver by moving behind the person
  • reach around the person’s waist with both arms and locate the navel
  • place a fist with the thumb against the person’s abdomen, just above the navel
  • grasp the fist with your other hand
  • press into the abdomen with quick. inward, and upward thrusts
  • continue until the object is removed or the person becomes unresponsive
44
Q

infant choking

A
  • support the infants’s head and neck
  • lay the infant face down on the forearm
  • lower the arm to the leg
  • give five back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of the hand
  • roll the infant face up
  • give five chest compressions on the infant’s sternum using two fingers
  • repeat until the object is removed or the infant becomes unresponsive
45
Q

if a person becomes unresponsive…

A
  • immediately call 911
  • begin CPR
  • look for an object in the persons mouth during CPR
46
Q

AED

A
  • analyzes heart rhythm
  • delivers an electric shock if necessary
  • corrects one of the abnormal electrical disturbances
47
Q

using an AED

A
  • only use if the person is unresponsive and not breathing
  • power on the AED
48
Q

how to use an AED

A
  • expose the person’s chest
  • apply pads to the person’s chest
  • stand clear
  • if advised, press the shock button
  • perform CPR
  • follow the device prompts

First Aid & Safety (4 decks)

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