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BSCPE3-01 > CPE 041 P1 > Flashcards

CPE 041 P1 Flashcards

1
Q

The three major fields of electronics are _____. The largest is the _____.

A

computer, communications, and control

computer field.

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2
Q

_______ is the basic process of exchanging information.

A

Communication

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3
Q

Two of the main barriers to human communication are

A

language and distance.

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4
Q

An early form of long-distance communication is of waving a flag in which referred to as

A

semaphore.

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5
Q

Electronic communications came into being in the _____

A

late nineteenth century

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6
Q

The telegraph was invented in _____ and the telephone in _____.

A

1844, 1876.

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7
Q

In _____, radio was discovered, and it was demonstrated in _____.

A

1887, 1895

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8
Q

Most human communication is _____ even though there is a glut of _____ communication.

A

oral, written

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9
Q

The three main elements of any communications system are _____.

A

transmitter, receiver, channel or medium

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10
Q

The three major types of communications paths(media) are_____.

A

wire, radio, fiber-optic cable

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11
Q

The _____ converts the message into a form compatible with the selected medium.

A

transmitter

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12
Q

In most systems, a human generates a message that we call the

A

information, or intelligence signal.

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13
Q

______ is the general term applied to any interference that degrades the transmitted information.

A

Noise

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14
Q

is the medium by which the electronic signal is sent from one place to another.

A

communications channel or medium

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15
Q

In its simplest form, the medium may simply be a pair of wires that carry a voice signal from a microphone to a headset.

A

Electrical Conductors

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16
Q

The communication medium may also be a fiber-optic cable or “light pipe” that carries the message on a light wave.

A

Optical Media.

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17
Q

When ______ is the medium, the resulting system is known as _____.

A

free space, radio

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18
Q

is the broad general term applied to any form of wireless communication from one point to another.

A

Radio

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19
Q

________ is another collection of electronic components and circuits that accept the transmitted message from the channel and convert it back into a form understandable by humans.

A

receiver

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20
Q

Most communication equipment incorporates circuits that both send and receive. These units are commonly referred to as ________

A

Transceiver

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21
Q

Undesirable interference in communications is _____ which is added to the signal in the _____

A

Noise, Communication Channel

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22
Q

The transmission medium greatly _____ and ________ the transmitted signal.

A

degrades, attenuates

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23
Q

There are three ways in which electronic communication is classified:

A

one-way or two-way transmissions, analog or digital signals, and baseband or modulated signals.

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24
Q

The simplest way in which electronic communication is conducted is one way communications, normally referred to as ______.

A

simplex

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25
Q

The _________ system transmits information about the physical status of the satellite including its position and temperature.

A

telemetry

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26
Q

The bulk of electronic communications is ____.

A

two way

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27
Q

Such two-way communications is referred to as _________

A

Duplex

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28
Q

Another form of two-way communications is where only one party transmits at a time. This is known as ______

A

half duplex

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29
Q

An _________ is a continuously varying voltage or current.

A

analog signal

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30
Q

______ in contrast to analog signals, do not vary continuously, but change in steps or in discrete increments.

A

Digital signals

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31
Q

___________ are electronic techniques for transmitting information efficiently from one place to another.

A

Modulation and multiplexing

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32
Q

________ allows more than one signal to be transmitted concurrently over a single medium.

A

multiplexing

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33
Q

_______ makes the information signal more compatible with the medium

A

Modulation

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34
Q

Regardless of whether the original information signals are analog or digital, they are all referred to as ___________

A

baseband signals

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35
Q

Putting the original voice, video, or digital signals directly into the medium is referred to as _______

A

baseband transmission

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36
Q

_______ is the process of having a baseband, voice, video, or digital signal modify another higher frequency signal called the _______.

A

Modulation, carrier

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37
Q

Electromagnetic signals, which can travel through space for long distances, are also referred to as _________

A

radio-frequency (RF) waves, or just radio waves.

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38
Q

The carrier is fed to a circuit called a modulator along with the baseband intelligence signal. The intelligence signal changes the carrier in a unique way. The modulated carrier is amplified and sent to the antenna for transmission. This process is called _______.

A

broadband transmission

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39
Q

In ___________, the baseband information signal called the ________ varies the amplitude of the higher-frequency carrier signal.

A

amplitude modulation (AM), modulating signal

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40
Q

The three ways to make the baseband signal change the carrier sine wave are to __________

A

vary its amplitude, vary its frequency, or vary its phase angle.

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41
Q

In ___________, the information signal varies the frequency of the carrier. The carrier amplitude remains constant.

A

frequency modulation (FM)

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42
Q

Varying the phase angle produces ____________.

A

phase modulation (PM)

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43
Q

Two common examples of transmitting digital data by modulation are:

A

frequency-shift keying (FSK)and phase-shift keying (PSK).

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44
Q

Devices called ________ translate the data from digital to analog and back again.

A

modems(modulator-demodulator)

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45
Q

Both FM and PM are forms of __________.

A

angle modulation

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46
Q

At the receiver, the carrier with the intelligence signal is amplified and then demodulated to extract the original baseband signal. Another name for the demodulation process is _______.

A

detection.

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47
Q

_________ is the process of allowing two or more signals to share the same medium or channel.

A

Multiplexing

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48
Q

A _________ converts the individual baseband signals to a composite signal.

A

Multiplexer

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49
Q

There are three basic types of multiplexing

A

frequency division, time division, and code division.

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50
Q

In ___________, the intelligence signals modulate subcarriers on different frequencies that are then added together, and the composite signal is used to modulate the carrier.

A

frequency-division multiplexing

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51
Q

In ________________, the multiple intelligence signals are sequentially sampled, and a small piece of each is used to modulate the carrier.

A

time-division multiplexing

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52
Q

In ___________, the signals to be transmitted are converted to digital data that is then uniquely coded with a faster binary code.

A

code-division multiplexing

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53
Q

Three common sources of interference are _____.

A

the atmosphere, manufactured equipment, thermal agitation in components

54
Q

One-way communications is called_____. An example is _____.

A

simplex, radio and TV broadcasting

55
Q

Simultaneous two-way communications is called _____. An example is _____.

A

full duplex, telephone communications

56
Q

Two-way communications where each parry takes turns transmitting is referred to as_____.

A

half duplex

57
Q

Voice and video signals are continuous _____ voltages

A

analog

58
Q

On/off or coded signals are referred to _____ as signals.

A

digital

59
Q

Voice and video signals may be transmitted digitally if they are first passed through a(n) _____.

A

analog-to-digital converter

60
Q

An original voice, video, or data voltage is called the _____ signal.

A

base band

61
Q

To make the transmitted signal compatible with the medium, the process of _____ must be used where the _____ signal is impressed upon a higher-frequency signal called the_____.

A

Modulation. base band, carrier

62
Q

Recovering the originally transmitted signal is called_____.

A

demulation or detection

63
Q

The process of transmitting two or more baseband signals simultaneously over a common medium is called _____

A

multiplexing

64
Q

Two methods of transmitting visual data over the telephone network are_____.

A

facsimile, teletext

65
Q

A common household remote-control unit is the_____.

A

garage door opener

66
Q

The signaling of individuals at remote locations is called _____.

A

paging

67
Q

Performing, recording, and analyzing measurements at a distance is done with _____ equipment.

A

telemetry

68
Q

Radio astronomy is based on the fact that stars and other heavenly bodies emit_____.

A

radio waves

69
Q

List four ways radio is used in the telephone system _____

A

microwave relay, satellites, cordless phones, cellular phones

70
Q

Radar is based on the use of _____ radio signals.

A

reflected

71
Q

Underwater radar is called _____.

A

sonar (active)

72
Q

The two types of sonar are _____.

A

active, passive

73
Q

The radio communications hobby is called _____.

A

amateur or “ham” radio

74
Q

Computers exchange digital data over the telephone network by using devices called _____.

A

modems

75
Q

Limited interconnections of PCs and other computers in offices or buildings are called _____.

A

local area networks

76
Q

Signals that travel through free space for long distances are called _____.

A

electromagnetic waves or radio-frequency (RF) waves

77
Q

Radio waves are made up of _____ fields.

A

electric, magnetic

78
Q

wavelength formula

A

lambda = c/f

79
Q

Common power line frequencies of _____ and _____ Hz are in the _____ range.

A

50, 60, ELF

80
Q

Audio signals are not transmitted by electromagnetic waves because

a. Antennas would be too long.
b. Audio signals do not radiate.
c. Simultaneous transmissions would interfere.
d. The frequency is too low.
(Choose all that apply.)

A

c

81
Q

The human hearing range is approximately _____ to _____ Hz.

A

20, 20,000

82
Q

The frequency range of the human voice is _____ to _____ Hz.

A

300, 3000

83
Q

True or false. Radio transmissions do not occur in the VLF and LF ranges.

A

false

84
Q

AM broadcast stations are in the _____ range.

A

Medium Frequency (MF)
535 to 1605 kHz

85
Q

HF signals are also called _____.

A

short waves

86
Q

TV (channels 2 to 13) and FM broadcasting is in the _____ part of the spectrum.

A

VHF

87
Q

FM Broadcasting frequency range

A

88-108 Mhz

88
Q

List five major uses of the UHF band.

A

land mobile, cellular telephones, military, radar and navigation, amateur radio

89
Q

The SHF and EHF ranges are primarily used by _____ communications.

A

radar, satellite

90
Q

Frequencies above 1 GHz are called _____.

A

microwaves

91
Q

The frequencies just beyond the EHF range are called _____ waves.

A

millimeter

92
Q

One micron is the same as _____ m.

A

1 / 1,000,000

93
Q

Infrared signals are usually derived from _____ sources.

A

heat

94
Q

The spectrum range of infrared signals is _____ to _____ m

A

0.7, 10

95
Q

One angstrom is equal to _____ m.

A

1 / 10.000

96
Q

The visible light range is from _____ to _____Ǻ.

A

4000,8000

97
Q

Light signals can use two mediums in electronic communications _____.

A

fiber-optic cables, free space

98
Q

The spectrum space occupied by a signal is called the _____.

A

bandwidth

99
Q

The new signals above and below the carrier frequency produced by the modulation process are called _____.

A

sidebands

100
Q

Wide-bandwidth signals must be transmitted at _____ frequencies.

A

higher

101
Q

Percentage wise, there is less spectrum space at the _____ frequencies.

A

lower

102
Q

Many communications electronics techniques are designed in order to conserve _____.

A

spectrum space

103
Q

Electronic communications in the United States is regulated by a set of laws called the ____

A

Communications Act of 1934

104
Q

The regulatory body for electronic communications in the United States is the _____.

A

Federal Communications Commission

105
Q

Government and military communications are coordinated by the _____.

A

National Telecommunications and Information Administration

106
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum is managed worldwide by the_____ organization.

A

International Telecommunications Union

107
Q

Their _______ is measured in cycles per second (cps) or hertz (Hz).

A

frequency

108
Q

The range of electromagnetic signals encompassing all frequencies is referred to as the_________.

A

electromagnetic spectrum

109
Q

In electronics, ________ is the number of cycles of a repetitive wave that occurs in each period.

A

frequency

110
Q

Frequency is measured in ________.

A

cycles per second (cps)

111
Q

the unit of frequency is the _____, named for the German physicist ________, who was a pioneer in the field of electromagnetics.

A

hertz (Hz), Heinrich Hertz

112
Q

_______ is the distance occupied by one cycle of a wave, and it isusually expressed in meters.

A

Wavelength

113
Q

Formula of Noise

A

Vn = sqrt(4kTBR) (MV)

114
Q

k value

A

1.380 x 10^-23 J/K is Boltzmann’s constant

115
Q

Two basic source of noise

A

External
Internal

116
Q

3 External noise

A

*Industrial Noise
*Atmospheric Noise
*Extraterrestrial Noise

117
Q

3 Internal Noise

A

*Thermal Agitation
*Shot Noise
*Transit Time Noise

118
Q

Manufactured Equipments (Automotive, Electric motors and Generators)

A

Industrial Noise

119
Q

Earth’s Atmosphere (Static from lightning) < 30 MHz

A

Atmospheric Noise

120
Q

Sun, cosmic noise (Stars) 10Mhz - 1.5Ghz (15-150Mhz)

A

Extraterrestrial Noise

121
Q

-random motion of atoms and electrons caused by heat
-aka White or Johnson Noise

A

Thermal Agitation

122
Q

-Random arrival of electrons or holes at the output element, plate in tube, or at collector or draw in transistor
-Due to discontinvity

A

Shot Noise

123
Q

Directly proportional to frequency of operation

A

Transit Time Noise

124
Q

Duration of time that it takes for current carriers (Holes/Electrons) to move from input to output

A

Transit Time

125
Q

Contains all frequencies in equal intensity.

A

White Noise

126
Q

Color of noise

A

White Noise
Pink Noise
Brown Noise (or Red Noise)
Blue Noise
Violet Noise
Gray Noise

127
Q

Contains all frequencies with intensity decreasing with increasing frequency. It has equal power per octave.

A

Pink Noise

128
Q

Intensity decreases with the square of the frequency. It has more power at lower frequencies.

A

Brown Noise (or Red Noise)

129
Q

Intensity increases with increasing frequency.

A

Blue Noise

130
Q

Intensity increases with the square of the frequency.

A

Violet Noise

131
Q

Adjusted to reflect the human ear’s sensitivity to different frequencies, perceived as equally loud at all frequencies.

A

Gray Noise

BSCPE3-01 (6 decks)

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