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Physics > Cp6 - Radiation > Flashcards

Cp6 - Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 4 types of models of the atom

A
  • daltons billiard ball model
  • Thomsons plum pudding model
  • Rutherfords model
  • Niels Bohr’s variation of rutherfords
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2
Q

What is daltons billiard ball model

A

Dalton’s model is a theory that states that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible.

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3
Q

What is the plum pudding model

A

An atomic model created by Thomson in 1904 that suggests the atom was a sphere of positive charges in which electrons were embedded. ( like plums in a plum pudding model )

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4
Q

What is rutherfords atom

A

An atomic model created in 1911 that suggests negativly charged particles surround the nucleus of the atom in which contains a mix protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What is Niels Bohrs model

A

A modification of rutherfords model where the electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom in fixed sizes and energy unlike rutherfords where ....

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6
Q

What is a proton

A

A proton is a small positivly charged particle with a relative mass of 1. it is found with in thr nucleus of all atoms.

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7
Q

What is an electron

A

An electron is a negativly charged particle with the relative mass of 1/1840 (or negligible). it is found either free or bound to an atom

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8
Q

What is a neutron

A

A neutron is a particle with no charge and a relative mass of 1. it is found in the nucleus of every atom ( exept hydrogen)

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9
Q

What is a positron

A

a positron is a particle with the same mass as an electron but the charge of a proton

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10
Q

What is the nucelus of an atom

A

The nucleus is the inner part of an atom in which protons and neutrons are embeded, electrons orbit the nucleus.

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11
Q

What is the radius of an atom

A

The radius of an atom is 0.6x10^-10

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12
Q

What is the radius of an atoms nucleus

A

1x10^-15

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13
Q

Where is all of the mass of the atom located

A

All the mass of an atom is the nucleus

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14
Q

What is the overall charge of the nucleus of an atom

A

the overall charge of the nucleus is positive ( only protons and neutrons in nucleus )

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15
Q

What are orbiting electrons located on

A

Orbiting electrons of an atom are located on shells

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16
Q

True or false - the shells in which electrons orbit are the same energy level

A

False - all shells have different energy levels

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17
Q

True or false - energy levels that are further away from the nucleus of an atom are at higher energy then those which are closer to the nucleus

A

true

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18
Q

what is it called when an atom gives out light by returning back to its original shell

A

Emmision

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19
Q

True or false - electrons can move to different shells of an atom

A

true

20
Q

What is an example of emmision

A

LED lights - they produce light when an electrical forces electrons to move within atoms in gas form

21
Q

What is Ionization

A

Ionization is an atom gains so much energy that one or more electrons can escape the atom altogether.

22
Q

what is an ion

A

An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron

23
Q

Why will ions have an overall negative or positive charge when a regular atom will have no overall charge at all

A

In an ion there will be more protons then electrons or vice versa meaning that there will be more positive/negative charges then the other. however with a regular atom all the positive charges cancell out the negative charges

24
Q

True or false - the same colour will be emmitted even though there are different changes of energy levels

A

false - Different colours will be emmited due to the different changes of energy levels ( 1- 5 ) ( 1 - 3 ) ( 2- 3 )

25
Q

What is radioactive decay

A

radioactive decay is the random process that takes place in the nuclei of an atom where particles or energy are emitted

26
Q

what are the three types of radiation

A

The three types of radiation are Alpha, Beta and Gamma

27
Q

What is Alpha radiation

A

Alpha radiation os when an atom throws out two protons and two neutrons otherwise known as an alpha particle ( this is the same mass as a helium nucleus )

28
Q

What is beta radiation

A

Beta radiation is when a neutron will become a proton and will also throw out an electron at the same time

29
Q

What is gamma radiation

A

Gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave with very high energy, it is emmited from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay

30
Q

How strong alpha radiation

A

Alpha radiation can do a lot of damage if it gets inside of you but it can easily be absorbed by a few centimeters of air or a few sheets of paper

31
Q

How strong is beta radition

A

Beta radiation can easily pass through air but is stopped/absorbed by a few mm of alluminium.

32
Q

How strong is gamma radiation

A

Gamma radiation is very penatrating and can only be absorbed by several cm of lead

33
Q

What is backround radiation

A

Backround radiation is the natural radiation which exists in the enviroment.

34
Q

What are some examples of backround radiation

A

Examples of backround radiation include: Medical radiation (x-rays and ct scans), Emissions from power plants, emmisions from nuclear testing and natural radiactivity from the air (like raydon)

35
Q

True or false - decay can be easily predicted from scientists

A

false - decay is a random process that cannot be predicted

36
Q

What is positron decay

A

positron decay is when a proton turns into a neutron and positron, the newly created positron is ejected from the nucleus

37
Q

True or false - in gamma decay, both the atomic mass and the atomic number stay the same

A

true

38
Q

What is half life

A

Half-life is the time it takes for the number of nuclei in a radioactive isotope to half, it is also the time for the count rate to half

39
Q

True or false - scientists cannot predict the time it takes for half the original nuclei to decay

A

false - scientasts can predict the time it takes for half the original nuclei to decay - this is half life

40
Q

What are some of the dangers associated with radiation

A

some dangers included with radiation are: cancer, mutations of dna, immune system damage and hair loss

41
Q

What is irradation

A

Irradation is exposing an object to nuclear radiation ( alpha, beta, gamma)

42
Q

What is a use of irradation

A

A use of irridation is steralization, lots of medical equipment needs to be clean/steralized but sometimes heating it doesn’t always work so instead gamma radiation is used to steralize the equipment

43
Q

True or false - irradation is dangerous and precuations need to take place in order to protect people working around radiactive substances

A

true

44
Q

What are some of the precautions we take to prevent the dangers of ionizing radiation

A

Sheilding - wearing lead embedded clothing to prevent alpha radiation

Monitoring - does not stop radiation but measures how much radiation someone will have recieved, this helps us remove them when they have taken in to much radiation

45
Q

What is ionizing radiation

A

Ionizing radiation is radiation that makes electrons escape an atom altogether (forming ions)

Physics (8 decks)

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