Cp3 renewable and non renewable energy Flashcards
What is the conservation of energy
the conservation of energy is a law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred
what does renewable energy source mean
An energy resource that does not run out (unlimited), it will replenish itself. can be reffered to as clean energy
What are some renewable energy resources
-Solar energy
-Wind energy
-Geothermal energy
-Hydropower
-Tidal energy
-Bio energy
What does non-renewable energy resource mean
An energy source that is finite (it will eventually run out). they can sometimes damage the planet/environment
What are some non renewable energy resources
-Fossil fuels
-Nuclear (however can be called clean due to the fact it produces zero carbon emissions and doesn’t produce other noxious greenhouse gases)
what are fossil fuels
fossil fuels are a natural fuel such as coal, oil or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
What are fossil fuels mainly used for
Fossil fuels are manly used for transport, generating electricity and heating
What are some advantages of fossil fuels, and some non rewnewable energy resources
-Reliable
-Release a lot of energy
-Adbundant and relatively cheap
-extremely versatile
What are some disadvantages of non-renewable fossil fuels, and some non renewable energy resources
-Releases a huge amount of carbon dioxide (leads to global warming)
-Non-renewable, will run out
-Releases other pollutants, nitrogen oxide and acid rain
What are some advantages of nuclear energy
Reliable
efficient
Abundant amount
What are some disadvantages of nuclear energy
- high potential risk
- lots of time to dismantal station
- generates large amounts of radioactive waste
What are some advantages of renewable energy resources
- no carbon/greenhouse gas emmisions (clean)
- ## sustainable (unlimited)
What are some disadvantages of Renewable energy resources
-not fully reliable (not always windy/sunny)
-expensive
-tricky/expensive to dismantle
what are some examples of examples of energy being moved between different stores
Toaster -> electrostatic into thermal
Sports (kicking a ball) -> chemical into kinetic
Heater -> Electrostatic into thermal
What are some types of energy stores
-Thermal (heat energy)
-Kinetic (movement or motion)
-Gravitational potentional (position in a gravitational field)
-Elastic (Energy held in a strech like spring)
-Chemical (held in chemical bonds)
-Magnetic
-Electrostatic
-Nuclear
How can energy be transferred
Mechanically
Electrically
Radiation
what happens to wasted energy in energy transfers
the energy will eventually dissipate into the surroundings (ussually by heat)
How do respresent energy transferred using diagrams
draw a sankey diagram
Do you know how to draw/interpret a sankey diagram
Yes = good, carry on
No = watch this video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAOzDsluIX0
define efficiency
Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, and time while performing a task.
How can efficiency be increased
efficiency be increased by reducing wasted energy transfers so more of the input energy is usefully transferred. new technology/machiner and finding an easier way to do the task will result in less wasted energy
What is the formula for calculating efficiency
Efficiency = input/output x 100
What is efficiency measured in
Percent / %
What are some ways in which energy is transferred wastefully by mechanical processes
Mechanical process become wastefull when energy is dissapated (usually into heat or sound). the device won’t be exerting all of it’s possible energy on the task; making it less efficient.
How can we reduce unwanted energy transfers in mechanical process
Improve efficiency
What are the three ways energy can be transferred by heating
-Conduction
-Convection
-Radiation (infared)
What is conduction
Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules.
What is convection
convection, process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water.
What is radiation (infared)
Radiation heat transfer is a process where heat waves are emitted that may be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted through a colder body.
describe ways of reducing unwanted energy transfers using thermal insulation
-Use materials with low heat conductivity
-Wall insulation
-Double glazing windows
-Create vacumm inbetween things like walls and windows (air is a good insulator) (double glazing windows and cavity walls are good examples)
What is thermal conductivity
A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat.
What is Insulation
An objects ability to stop heat transfer
what factors can affect gravitational potential energy
mass, gravity, and height
What is the equation for finding gravitation potential energy
Gravitation Potential Energy = Mass x Gravitation field strength x Height
What factors can affect the kinetic energy stored in an object
Mass and velocity
What is the equation for kinetic energy
Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x (velocity)^2
