Covid-19 Flashcards
What is an endemic ?
Constant presence and/ or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area
What is an epidemic ?
Increase often sudden in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area
What is an outbreak ?
Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area
What is a pandemic ?
An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people
What are coronaviruses ?
Large family of viruses
Crown like spikes on surfaces
Enveloped RNA based
Zoonotic:
- large number circulating in animals
Symptoms:
- common cold
- severe respiratory distress- SARS/MERS/COVID-19What is SARS-COV2 ?
Beta coronavirus
What is the structure of SARS-COV2 ?
Viral envelope:
- spike proteins - envelope proteins - membrane proteins
How is COVID-19 transmitted ?
Cough
Sneeze
Touch
Droplet and aerosol
What is the intubation period of COVID-19 ?
1-14 days
median 5-6 days
What is the infectious peak in COVID-19 transmission ?
24 hours pre symptoms
What is the pathophysiology of COVID-19 ?
Physiological host response:
- viral entry and early infection - host immune response
Transition from mild to severe COVID-19
Pathogenic host response:
- hyperinflammatory phase - multiorgan dysfunction
What are symptoms of coronavirus ?
Rhinorrhoea General malaise Headache Sore throat Cough Fever Loss or change in taste or smell
How is COVID-19 tested for ?
Viral PCR- nasopharynx swab
How can COVID-19 be prevented ?
Handwashing Social distancing PPE Mask wearing Isolation Vaccines
What are the vaccines used ?
Pfizer/BioNTech- mRNA vaccine
Moderna- mRNA vaccine
AstraZeneca- Attenuated virus
