Cover All Unit 5 Flashcards
What is Manifest Destiny?
The belief that the U.S. should spread west across North America.
What caused the Mexican-American War?
Fights over the Texas border and the U.S. wanting land like California.
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?
Ended the Mexican-American War. Mexico gave the U.S. a lot of land, including California and New Mexico.
How did westward expansion lead to fights about slavery?
New territories sparked debates about whether they would allow slavery, leading to conflicts like the Missouri Compromise and Kansas-Nebraska Act.
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
The Wilmot Proviso was a plan to ban slavery in any land won from Mexico during the war. It didn’t pass Congress but made the North and South argue more about slavery.
What was the Compromise of 1850?
The Compromise of 1850 was a deal to calm tensions between free and slave states. It allowed California to become a free state, let Utah and New Mexico decide about slavery (popular sovereignty), and made the Fugitive Slave Act stronger, forcing people to return runaway slaves.
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
This law let people in Kansas and Nebraska vote on whether to allow slavery (popular sovereignty). It overturned the Missouri Compromise, which had banned slavery in those areas. This caused violence between pro- and anti-slavery groups, known as “Bleeding Kansas.”
What was the Dred Scott decision?
In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and couldn’t sue in court. It also said Congress couldn’t stop slavery in new territories, making the North very angry and increasing tensions.
What caused the Civil War?
- Arguments about slavery: The North and South couldn’t agree on whether new states should allow slavery.
- Sectionalism: The North had factories and cities, while the South relied on farming and slaves.
- Abraham Lincoln’s election: Southern states feared Lincoln would end slavery, so they seceded (left) the U.S.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
In 1863, Lincoln announced that slaves in Confederate states were free. It didn’t free all slaves, but it made the Civil War about ending slavery, not just keeping the U.S. together. It also discouraged Britain and France from helping the South.
What were two important battles in the Civil War?
1 Antietam (1862): The bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history. It led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
2 Gettysburg (1863): A turning point where the North won and stopped the South from invading again.
What advantages did the North have in the Civil War?
More people, factories, railroads, and a stronger navy.
What was Reconstruction?
plan to rebuild the South and give rights to freed slaves.
What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments do?
13th: Ended slavery.
14th: Gave citizenship to all born in the U.S.
15th: Gave African American men the right to vote.
What were Black Codes?
Southern laws that limited African Americans’ rights after slavery ended.
