Chapter 19-20 Unit 5 Flashcards
What was Fort Sumter?
A Union fort in South Carolina. The Civil War started here when Confederate forces attacked it in 1861.
What were the border states?
Slave states that stayed in the Union, like Kentucky and Missouri. They were important because they could help either side win the war.
What was the Trent Affair?
A conflict where Union forces stopped a British ship carrying Confederate diplomats. Britain got angry, but the Union let the diplomats go to avoid war.
What was the Alabama?
A Confederate ship built by Britain that attacked Union ships. It caused problems between the U.S. and Britain.
What were the greenbacks?
Paper money used by the Union during the war. It wasn’t backed by gold, so it lost value.
What was the Morrill Tariff Act?
A law that raised taxes on imports to help the Union pay for the war.
What was the Homestead Act?
A law that gave free land to people in the West if they farmed it for five years.
What was the Pacific Railroad Act?
A law that helped fund the building of a railroad across the U.S.
What was the Battle of Bull Run?
The first major battle of the Civil War. The Confederates won, and it showed the war would be long and hard.
What was the Battle of Antietam?
A bloody battle in Maryland in 1862. It was a Union victory and led to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
A statement by Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states. It changed the focus of the war to ending slavery.
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
A key battle in Pennsylvania in 1863. The Union won, stopping a Confederate invasion of the North.
What was the Gettysburg Address?
A short speech by Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg. He talked about equality and democracy.
What was Sherman’s March?
A Union campaign led by General Sherman. His troops destroyed Southern cities and farms to weaken the Confederacy.
Who were the Copperheads?
Northerners who opposed the Civil War and wanted peace with the Confederacy.
What was the Thirteenth Amendment?
A law passed after the war that abolished slavery in the U.S.
Who was Jefferson Davis?
The president of the Confederate States during the Civil War. He led the South’s fight for independence.
Who was Robert E. Lee?
The main Confederate general. He was very skilled and led the Confederate Army in many battles, including Gettysburg.
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
The main Union general. He helped win important battles like Vicksburg and led the Union to victory in the war.
Who was William Tecumseh Sherman?
A Union general known for his “March to the Sea,” where his troops destroyed Southern land and supplies.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
The president of the Union during the Civil War. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and worked to end slavery.
Who was Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson?
A famous Confederate general known for his bravery and tactics. He earned his nickname at the Battle of Bull Run.
Who was John Wilkes Booth?
The man who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in 1865, shortly after the Civil War ended.
Who was Clara Barton?
A nurse during the Civil War who helped soldiers on the battlefield. She later founded the American Red Cross.
Who was Harriet Tubman?
An abolitionist and former enslaved woman who helped others escape slavery through the Underground Railroad.
Who was George Pickett?
A Confederate general famous for leading “Pickett’s Charge” during the Battle of Gettysburg. It was a failed attack.
Who was George Pickett?
A Confederate general famous for leading “Pickett’s Charge” during the Battle of Gettysburg. It was a failed attack.
Who was Matthew C. Perry?
A U.S. Navy officer who opened trade with Japan through the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, just before the Civil War.
