Chapter 19-20 Unit 5

Question 1

What was Fort Sumter?

Answer 1

A Union fort in South Carolina. The Civil War started here when Confederate forces attacked it in 1861.

Question 2

What were the border states?

Answer 2

Slave states that stayed in the Union, like Kentucky and Missouri. They were important because they could help either side win the war.

Question 3

What was the Trent Affair?

Answer 3

A conflict where Union forces stopped a British ship carrying Confederate diplomats. Britain got angry, but the Union let the diplomats go to avoid war.

Question 4

What was the Alabama?

Answer 4

A Confederate ship built by Britain that attacked Union ships. It caused problems between the U.S. and Britain.

Question 5

What were the greenbacks?

Answer 5

Paper money used by the Union during the war. It wasn’t backed by gold, so it lost value.

Question 6

What was the Morrill Tariff Act?

Answer 6

A law that raised taxes on imports to help the Union pay for the war.

Question 7

What was the Homestead Act?

Answer 7

A law that gave free land to people in the West if they farmed it for five years.

Question 8

What was the Pacific Railroad Act?

Answer 8

A law that helped fund the building of a railroad across the U.S.

Question 9

What was the Battle of Bull Run?

Answer 9

The first major battle of the Civil War. The Confederates won, and it showed the war would be long and hard.

Question 10

What was the Battle of Antietam?

Answer 10

A bloody battle in Maryland in 1862. It was a Union victory and led to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 11

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 11

A statement by Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states. It changed the focus of the war to ending slavery.

Question 12

What was the Battle of Gettysburg?

Answer 12

A key battle in Pennsylvania in 1863. The Union won, stopping a Confederate invasion of the North.

Question 13

What was the Gettysburg Address?

Answer 13

A short speech by Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg. He talked about equality and democracy.

Question 14

What was Sherman’s March?

Answer 14

A Union campaign led by General Sherman. His troops destroyed Southern cities and farms to weaken the Confederacy.

Question 15

Who were the Copperheads?

Answer 15

Northerners who opposed the Civil War and wanted peace with the Confederacy.

Question 16

What was the Thirteenth Amendment?

Answer 16

A law passed after the war that abolished slavery in the U.S.

Question 17

Who was Jefferson Davis?

Answer 17

The president of the Confederate States during the Civil War. He led the South’s fight for independence.

Question 18

Who was Robert E. Lee?

Answer 18

The main Confederate general. He was very skilled and led the Confederate Army in many battles, including Gettysburg.

Question 19

Who was Ulysses S. Grant?

Answer 19

The main Union general. He helped win important battles like Vicksburg and led the Union to victory in the war.

Question 20

Who was William Tecumseh Sherman?

Answer 20

A Union general known for his “March to the Sea,” where his troops destroyed Southern land and supplies.

Question 21

Who was Abraham Lincoln?

Answer 21

The president of the Union during the Civil War. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and worked to end slavery.

Question 22

Who was Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson?

Answer 22

A famous Confederate general known for his bravery and tactics. He earned his nickname at the Battle of Bull Run.

Question 23

Who was John Wilkes Booth?

Answer 23

The man who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in 1865, shortly after the Civil War ended.

Question 24

Who was Clara Barton?

Answer 24

A nurse during the Civil War who helped soldiers on the battlefield. She later founded the American Red Cross.

Question 25

Who was Harriet Tubman?

Answer 25

An abolitionist and former enslaved woman who helped others escape slavery through the Underground Railroad.

Question 26

Who was George Pickett?

Answer 26

A Confederate general famous for leading “Pickett’s Charge” during the Battle of Gettysburg. It was a failed attack.

Question 27

Who was George Pickett?

Answer 27

A Confederate general famous for leading “Pickett’s Charge” during the Battle of Gettysburg. It was a failed attack.

Question 28

Who was Matthew C. Perry?

Answer 28

A U.S. Navy officer who opened trade with Japan through the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, just before the Civil War.