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Chemistry > Covalent Bonds > Flashcards

Covalent Bonds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are covalent bonds formed between

A

non-metals

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2
Q

when are covalent bonds formed

A

Went to atoms need to gain the same amount of electrons to get a full outer shell
The two atoms share electrons but claim them as their own

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3
Q

Give some examples of simple molecular substances

A 
H2 (Hydrogen)
H2O (Water)
CH4 (Methane)
CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
O2 (oxygen)
HCl (hydrogen chloride)
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4
Q

Give the properties of simple molecular substances

A

The atoms within the molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds
The forces of attraction between these molecules are very weak so the melting and boiling points are very low.
They don’t conduct electricity because they don’t contain any free electrons or ions

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5
Q

Give some examples of giant covalent structures

A

Diamond
Graphite
Graphene

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6
Q

What are the properties of giant covalent structures

A

All atoms are bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds
Very high melting and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the covalent bonds. Don’t conduct electricity as I don’t contain charge particles
They aren’t soluble in water

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7
Q

How many covalent bonds are between each carbon atom in diamond

A

4

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8
Q

What are the properties of diamond

A

🏮High melting point, the strong covalent bonds take lots of energy to break
🏮Really hard, the covalent bonds hold the atoms in a rigid lattice structure
🏮Does not conduct electricity, no free electrons or ions

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9
Q

What is diamond used for

A

Used to strengthen cutting tools (e.g. saw teeth) because it is so strong

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10
Q

How many covalent bonds are between each carbon atom in graphite

A

3 (This creates sheets of carbon atoms are arranged in hexagons)

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11
Q

What are the properties of graphite

A

🏮Soft and slippery, the layers move over each other as there aren’t any covalent bonds between the layers.
🏮High melting point, lots of energy needed to break the covalent bonds.
🏮Can conduct electricity, only 3/4 outer electrons are used in bonds so each carbon atom has 1 electron that is free to move.

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12
Q

What is buckminsterfullerene’s molecular formula

A

C6O

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13
Q

What does C6O form

A

A hollow sphere made up of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons

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14
Q

What a nano tubes

A

Tiny cylinders of graphene

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15
Q

What are the properties of graphene

A

Conduct electricity
they don’t break when stretched
they’re strong yet light

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16
Q

What are nanotubes used for

A

Sports equipment, to strengthen it and remain light

Chemistry (10 decks)

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