Covalent bonds Flashcards
what do covalent bonds do?
covalent bonds atoms share electrons so they can complete their outer shell
what do covalent bonds occur between?
covalent bonds only occur between non-metals
what is it called when 2 atoms shair a pair of electrons?
a covalent bond
how do you know how many covalent bonds will form?
the number of the electrons that the atom needs to gain to get a full outer shell is the number of covalent bonds the atom will form
give some examples of molecules containing covalent bonds
H20 Cl2 O2 CO2 H2
what are the two types of covalent structures?
giant covalent structure
simple molecular structure
name two simple molecular structures
oxygen (O2) and chlorine (Cl2)
name two giant molecular structures
diamond and graphite
what are the properties of giant covalent structures?
high melting and boiling points
dont conduct electricity or heat (except graphite)
insoluble in water
have giant networks
usually no intermolecular forces
what are the properties of simple molecular structures?
weak intermolecular structures
strong covalent bonds
low melting and boiling points
dont conduct electricity
soluble in water
small molecules
why do giant covalent structures have high melting/boiling points?
because they have strong covalent bonds that have to be broken by a lot of energy
why is chlorine a gas at room temperature?
because it is a simple molecular structure and has weak intermolecular forces so it does not take a lot of energy to break these forces
what do simple covalent structures tend to be at room temp?
liquids or gases
why dont covalent molecules conduct electricity?
there are no charged particles to carry the charge
(except in graphite)
