Covalent Bonds

Question 1

Covalent bond

Answer 1

A bond that results from sharing a pair of electrons between 2 atoms; occurs between 2 nonmetals.

Question 2

Electron dot formula

Answer 2

Shows the valence electrons surrounding the chemical symbol; for covalent bonds, the shared electrons are shown between the two chem symbols that make up the compound.

Question 3

Metallic bonds

Answer 3

Occurs in metal alloys (solutions of metals) and pure metals; valence electrons are shared among all metal atoms, forming an electron “pool”. The electrons can freely flow from one atom to another, which is how metals conduct electricity

Question 4

Naming binary covalent compounds

Answer 4

Use numerical prefixes in front of the element name (mono usually not used)

Ex) P₄O₁₀
Tetraphosphorus decoxide

N₂O₄
Dinitrogen tetroxide

Question 5

Empirical formula

Answer 5

Shows the elements in a compound in the lowest ratio

Question 6

Molecular / True formula

Answer 6

Shows the elements in a compound and their actual amounts (may be the same or different than the empirical formula)

Question 7

Isomers

Answer 7

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structures

Question 8

Electronegativity

Answer 8

The strength of a nucleus to attract covalently shared electrons; increases from left to right and decreases top to bottom on the periodic table.

Question 9

Dipole

Answer 9

A polar molecule, with partial positive and negative ends.