Covalent Bonding Flashcards
What elements form covalent bonds?
Non-metals only.
How do atoms bond in covalent bonding?
By sharing pairs of electrons.
Why are covalent bonds strong?
Electrostatic attraction between nuclei and shared electrons.
What is a diatomic molecule?
A molecule with two atoms.
Name the 7 diatomic molecules.
H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂.
What are covalent molecular substances made of?
Molecules joined by covalent bonds.
What is the covalent molecular substance structure called?
Discrete molecular structure.
What are the melting and boiling points like in covalent molecular substances?
Low — weak forces between molecules.
Do covalent molecular substances conduct electricity?
No — no free electrons or ions.
Are covalent molecular substances soluble in water?
Some are, some aren’t.
What is a covalent network?
Giant structure with atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds.
What are the melting and boiling points like in a Covalent Structure?
Very high — lots of energy needed to break bonds.
Do covalent networks conduct electricity?
No — apart from graphite and graphene.
Are covalent networks soluble in water?
No
What repels each other in a molecule?
Pairs of electrons.
What determines the shape of a molecule?
Number and orientation of bonds around central atom.
What shape is carbon dioxide?
Linear.
What shape is water?
Angular.
What shape is ammonia?
Trigonal pyramidal.
What shape is methane?
Tetrahedral
