Covalent bonding

Question 1

Covalent bonding

Answer 1

attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons between them

Question 2

Dative Covalent bonds

Answer 2

Where one atom donates two electrons to an atom or ion to form a bond

Question 3

Bond Enthalpy

Answer 3

the shorter the bond the higher the bond enthalpy

Question 4

Bond length

Answer 4

There is a balance between two forces

Question 5

How are bond length and strength related ?

Answer 5

The greater the electron density between the atoms the stronger attractive force - means that atoms are put in further towards each other - leads to a shorter bond and higher bond enthalpy

Question 6

Lone pair of electrons

Answer 6

there are atoms with outer shells that contain pairs of electrons which are not involved in the bonding between atoms in the molecule

Question 7

Electron-pair repulsion theory

Answer 7

the shape of a molecule or ion is determined by the number of electrons pairs in the outer shell surrounding the central atom

Question 8

Lone pairs

Answer 8

ammonia and water contain non bonding pairs is electrons as well as bonding pairs

Question 9

Linear

Answer 9

Number of areas: 2
Bond angle: 180
Example: BeCI2

Question 10

Trigonal Planar

Answer 10

Number of areas: 3
Bond angle: 120
Example: BF3

Question 11

Tetrahedral

Answer 11

Number of areas: 4
Bond angle: 109.5
Example: CH4

Question 12

Trigonal Pyramidal

Answer 12

Number of areas: 4 ( 3 bonds + 1 lone pair )
Bond angle: 107
Example: NH3

Question 13

Non linear

Answer 13

Number of areas: 4 ( 2 bonds + 2 lone pairs )
Bond angle: 104.5
Example: H20

Question 14

Trigbipy

Answer 14

Number of areas: 5
Bond angle: 90, 120 + 180
Example:

Question 15

Octahedral

Answer 15

Number of areas: 6
Bond angle: 90 + 180
Example: SF6

Question 16

answering questions

Answer 16

… is surrounded by … areas of electron density.
Electron pairs repel each so there is maximum separation between them.
Lone pairs of electrons repel more than bonded pairs