Court Cases Flashcards
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
established the principle of judicial review
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution’s Bill of Rights restricts only the powers of the federal government and not those of the state governments
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”
Schenck v. United States (1919)
upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Court ruled that freedom of speech and freedom of the press under the First Amendment could be limited only if the words in the circumstances created “a clear and present danger”
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
ruled that evidence acquired through illegal search and seizure was not admissible evidence, and therefore officially applied the exclusionary rule to the states
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
ruled that school-sponsored prayer was an unconstitutional violation of the Establishment clause
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
ruled that the 6th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the United States Constitution
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
ruling confirmed that symbolic speech merits protection under the 1st amendment
Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986)
the Court upheld the suspension of a high school student who delivered a sexually suggestive speech at a school assembly
