Course Reoccuring Themes Flashcards
Summerfield - Invention of PTSD (4)
- No biological cause w PTSF
- Became a thing through diagnosing it
- PTSD Shifted the blame of the war from people to the government
- Product of anti-war movements after vietnam war
Brinkmann - Mad or Normal (7)
- mental disorder is just like physical illness, that people can in fact recover
- stigmatization due to diagnoses might have decreased
- Through diagnoses psychiatric problems appear as “nothing special”, because many of us could be diagnosed
- normalizing the disorders may cause problems for people if it means that their problems cannot be recognized as sufficiently serious
- Through diagnoses psychiatric problems are addressed as medical problems – and yet they are simultaneously enacted as not just that
- psychiatric problems are equated with manifest and sometimes transient symptoms – and yet diagnoses have a tendency to reinforce chronicity
- looping: interactions between classified (in this case people with possible mental health problems) and classifications (in this case diagnoses) mediated by systems of experts
Diagnostic cultures (3)
- Brinkmann (Mad or Normal)
- ways that psychiatric categories are used by people – patients, professionals, and almost everyone else – to interpret, regulate, and mediate various forms of self-understanding and activity
- main problem of the emerging diagnostic cultures, however, might be that we risk losing vital resources of self-understanding if we continue to pathologize human suffering
Criticism of the DSM (5)
- Issues with validity: no one can confirm these exist
- Ignores context
- Doesn’t convey the experience of mental illness
- Doesn’t address treatment
- DSM serves to essentially reinforce stigma
Stigma (3)
- (DIAGNOSIS AS SUBCULTURE) Participants in the orthorexia recovery community on Instagram often withhold personal information to protect their offline identities, illustrating the stigma associated with mental illness
- Being diagnosed with mental illness
- NAMI demanding treatment and less stigma around schizophrenia
Arguedas: Diagnosis as Subculture (5)
- Instagram serves as a key platform for the orthorexia community, enabling users to navigate meanings of health and their relationship to it through shared identity, language, and practices
- Despite not being officially recognized in the DSM, orthorexia nervosa has garnered significant attention from scholars, clinicians, and the media
- Discovering the orthorexia diagnosis online provides individuals with a sense of validation and relief, as it offers an explanation for their struggles with health-oriented behaviors
- Participants in the recovery community on Instagram adopt a recovery identity, distancing themselves from illness while striving for healing and self-improvement
- Validation within the community reinforces the importance of seeking help and making positive changes, but access to support is contingent on one’s visibility and popularity on Instagram, leading to unequal distribution of resources
Medicalization (7)
- Mad or Normal (looping)
- DMDD (Recurrent temper)
- what is the purpose of labelling something as a mental disorder
- Has seeped into everyday lives (easier to get diagnoses, more inclined to read our emotions as illness)
- Social Anxiety Disorder (Medicalization of ‘uncomfortable’ feelings into ‘ill’ ones)
- PTSD
- Rachel Cooper - If they won the lottery and got a bigger house, would it still be an issue? Should it be called a medical problem if it can be resolved by giving someone more space
- Disease Mongering
Culture (6)
Diagnosis of Subculture
Hallucinations
How we experience, get diagnosed and how we’re helped
Cultural Competency: Over simplifying?
Some illnesses in western cultures only
Globalization
Szasz: Myth of mental illness (Mental illness is compared to historical explanatory conceptions like deities and witches, Mental illness is portrayed as a myth serving to obscure the struggles of everyday life)
Pathologization (3)
IN FAVOR: Access to treatment or services.
– Recognition of emotional complications of many
behaviours
– These behaviours often abnormal
AGAINST: Having one’s condition/status/feelings in “bible of mental disorder” could easily affect self-identity
- Issues w/ diagnostic reliability and validity
- Constantly shifting lines
Shomo: the societal pressure to medicate individuals with mental health issues without questioning their reasons for refusal. Personal experience of resisting medication, how they recovered without it
Chapter 10
Hyperactivity (4)
Over simplifying
Changed which aspects of illness emphasized
Could affect who gets diagnosed
–> shift to add
Deinstitutionalization
Psych hospitals as dehumanizing, in contravention of basic human rights, ineffective
– Fewer admissions, especially involuntary.
– Open door facilities.
– Care in the community
– Where did the money go?
– Rise in the homeless mentally ill population?
– The “revolving door”
Arguedas: Diagnosis as Subculture (5)
- Instagram serves as a key platform for the orthorexia community, enabling users to navigate meanings of health and their relationship to it through shared identity, language, and practices
- Despite not being officially recognized in the DSM, orthorexia nervosa has garnered significant attention from scholars, clinicians, and the media
- Discovering the orthorexia diagnosis online provides individuals with a sense of validation and relief, as it offers an explanation for their struggles with health-oriented behaviors
- Participants in the recovery community on Instagram adopt a recovery identity, distancing themselves from illness while striving for healing and self-improvement
- Validation within the community reinforces the importance of seeking help and making positive changes, but access to support is contingent on one’s visibility and popularity on Instagram, leading to unequal distribution of resources
Szasz: Myth of Mental Illness (6)
Questioning the Existence of Mental Illness:
Mental illness is compared to historical explanatory conceptions like deities and witches
mental illness is a convenient myth rather than a genuine condition.
mental symptoms are heavily influenced by social and ethical contexts.
mental health is more about making good life choices than simply the absence of illness.
what we perceive as mental illness are often just problems in living
Shomo: Manifesto of a Noncompliant Mental Patient (3)
the societal pressure to medicate individuals with mental health issues without questioning their reasons for refusal.
Personal experience of resisting medication, how they recovered without it
how they can dull the human experience (IDENTITY)
Chapter 10 (6)
Historical Perspectives: In the nineteenth century, addiction was conceptualized in two main ways: as a bodily issue (disease model) or as an issue with the addictive substance itself (temperance movement).
The medical model of addiction emphasizes physiological dependence and withdrawal symptoms,
modern approaches directly address addictive behavior through therapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication, tailored to specific types of addiction.
Medications are used in addiction treatment, such as disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate for alcoholism, but the effectiveness depends on the type of addiction.
