course overview

Question 1

viscerosomatic reflex definition

Answer 1

localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structure

Question 2

heart sympathetic spinal level

Answer 2

T1-4

Question 3

trachea/bronchi sympathetic spinal level

Answer 3

T1-6

Question 4

lungs/visceral pleura sympathetic spinal level

Answer 4

T2-6

Question 5

heart, trachea/bronchi, lungs/visceral pleura parasympathetic spinal level

Answer 5

CN X (vagus)

Question 6

heart, trachea/bronchi, lungs/visceral pleura facilitation level

Answer 6

T1-6

Question 7

Chapman’s reflex points defintion

Answer 7

gangliform contraction that may block lymphatic drainage, causing inflammation in distal tissues

Question 8

how is chapman’s reflex points often described as?

Answer 8

nodule-like

Question 9

chapman’s reflex points is part of which system’s dysfunction?

Answer 9

sympathetic dysfunction, hence found in regions which overlap with visceral sympathetic efferent innervation

Question 10

bronchus anterior chapman’s point

Answer 10

between 2nd and 3rd ribs (2nd intercostal space) close to the sternum

Question 11

bronchus posterior chapman’s point

Answer 11

midway between the tip of the transverse process and spinous process of T2 on the posterior aspect of the transverse process

Question 12

lower lung anterior chapman’s point

Answer 12

between the 4th and 5th ribs (4th intercostal space) close to the sternum

Question 13

upper lung anterior chapman’s point

Answer 13

between the 3rd and 4th ribs (3rd intercostal space) close to the sternum

Question 14

myocardium anterior chapman’s point

Answer 14

between the 2nd and 3rd ribs (2nd intercostal space) close to the sternum

Question 15

lower lung posterior chapman’s point

Answer 15

intertransverse space, midway between the spinous and transverse processes of T4 and T5

Question 16

upper lung posterior chapman’s point

Answer 16

intertransverse space, midway between the spinous and transverse processes of T3 and T4

Question 17

myocardium posterior chapman’s point

Answer 17

intertransverse space, midway between the spinous and transverse processes of T2 and T3

Question 18

which ganglia innervates the heart? and what is the spinal level?

Answer 18

cervical ganglia; T1-5