Course of the fourth crusade

Question 1

Which Pope called the 4th Crusade?

Answer 1

Innocent III

Question 2

Why did Pope Innocent III call the fourth crusade?

Answer 2

Following a temporary breakdown in the truce set up by Saladin and Richard I

Question 3

What changes did Pope Innocent III make to ensure a strong crusading force?

Answer 3

Insisted recruits must serve for 2 years in the east, church income tax to help pay for poorer crusaders although Lords and knights still paid their own way, indulgences offered to those who financed the crusade, approved new preachers

Question 4

Why was there a lack of uptake in Europe initially?

Answer 4

Genoa and Pisa were at war, Richard I and Philip II also at war, in dispute with the HRE and Byzantines refused

Question 5

Where did the breakthrough in crusading recruitment come?

Answer 5

Ecry in northern France at a tournament

Question 6

Who took the cross at Ecry in France and why did they take the cross?

Answer 6

Count Thibaut of Champagne, Count Louis of Blois and Count Baldwin of Flanders; To avoid fighting for John against Philip II

Question 7

How did the crusaders travel to the East and why?

Answer 7

By sea for speed and to avoid dealing with the emperor, secretly as they planned to attack Egypt

Question 8

Who ruled Venice at this time?

Answer 8

Enrico Dandolo

Question 9

Who was negotiating with Venice?

Answer 9

Villehardouin

Question 10

How many men did the crusaders tell Venice to prepare for and what was the price charged?

Answer 10

33,500 men and 85,000 marks

Question 11

When did the crusaders gather in Venice and how many crusaders were there?

Answer 11

From June 1202; 13,000

Question 12

Why did only 13,000 crusaders show up at Venice and what did this mean?

Answer 12

Some made their own way to Acre, Thibaut of Champagne died, his replacement, Boniface, did not bring as many men with him; the crusaders couldn’t raise enough money to pay the Venetians

Question 13

What did the Doge offer as a solution to the crusaders’ debt and what was the problem with that?

Answer 13

He would postpone payment and sail them to Egypt if they fought on behalf of Venice against their rivals in Zara, Croatia; Zara was Christian and the King of Hungary had even taken the cross himself

Question 14

What was Pope Innocent’s reaction to the crusaders’ attack on Zara?

Answer 14

Excommunicated all of the crusaders

Question 15

Explain the succession crisis in Byzantium in 1202

Answer 15

Alexios III forced Isaac II to give up the throne and been blinded and sent to prison, Prince Alexios had escaped

Question 16

What did prince Alexius offer the crusaders and what was many of their reactions?

Answer 16

Place the Byzantine Empire under the spiritual authority of the Pope and would pay 200,000 silver marks and give 10,000 men to the cause; Left the crusade in 1203 and went to the Holy land

Question 17

After the crusaders installed Alexios IV on the throne why were they unhappy?

Answer 17

He stopped paying them and did not keep to his agreements

Question 18

Who seized power from Isaac and Alexios in January 1204 and what was the crusaders’ reaction?

Answer 18

A nobleman - Alexius V; Sailed the venetian ships up to the walls and broke through

Question 19

Who was finally placed on the Byantine throne after the succession crisis and why was this significant?

Answer 19

Baldwin of Flanders; He was the first Latin Byzantine emperor

Question 20

What was the new Byzantine empire called under Baldwin of Flanders?

Answer 20

Romania