Course 1 Week 5 - Introduction to Software, Types of Software, Revisiting Abstraction, Managing Software Flashcards
How is software and hardware different?
Hardware physical
Software instructions that tell the hardware what to do (something that’s been programmed)
What is coding?
translating one language to another
What are scripts?
used to perform a single or limited range task
(automate something, for example)
What is programming?
Coding in a programming language
instructions for computers to execute
What are 3 scripting languages for Windows?
- PowerShell .ps1
- Batch scripts .bat
- Visual Basic script .vbs
What’s the scripting language for Linux/Unix?
Shell script(.sh)
Which Windows script would you use to set up an employees’ workspace when turning on PC?
batch scripts .bat
What type of shells do Shell scripts run in?
Common-Line Interpreter (CLI) shells like BASH
What platform is the PowerShell scripting language built on?
.NET platform
What are 4 things that the .SHell (.sh) script is often used for?
- manipulating files
- executing programs
- printing
- OS navigation
Linux/Unix
What are batch (.bat) scripts used for?
Simple tasks like telling a set of programs to run when computer boots up
What is the most common programming language used in the world? What are 5 things it’s used in?
- JavaScript (.js)
- Web Dev, Applications, Games, Automate Web servers, develop software
Which is an excellent script for automation?
Python (.py)
What’s the best script tool to restart machines? 2
PowerShell .ps1
or
shell .sh
What’s the best script tool to map network drives?
Used to be .bat or .vbs
now is PowerShell .ps1 and shell .sh
Best script tool to install applications/automated software installation?
batch files .bat and shell scripts .sh
Best script tool for automated backups?
PowerShell .ps1
Shell .sh
Best script tool for gathering of information and data?
Python .py
has many available libraries to help with this task
Best script tool for initiating updates?
PowerShell .ps1
Shell .sh
What are 3 security risks of scripts?
- Unintentionally introducing malware
- Inadvertently changing system settings
- Browser/system crashes due to mishandling of resources
What is application software?
software created to fulfill a specific need
(text editor, web browser, graphic editor, video editor)
What is system software?
software used to keep core system running like OS tool and utilities
What is firmware?
Software that’s permanently stored on a computer component
What is an instruction set?
CPU uses this to run binary commands received
What is assembly language? What did it come before?
Allowed computer scientists to use instructions humans could read, assembled into code, so that the machines could understand
Came before compiled programming languages
What is assembly language?
Allowed computer scientists to use instructions humans could read, assembled into code that a machine could understand
Came before compiled programming languages
What are compiled programming languages?
Uses instructions humans can read, then sends them through a compiler (turns into machine instructions)
What are interpreted languages?
Aren’t compiled ahead of time
When a file has a code that’s written in an interpreted language, what is it called?
A script
What is a script run by? What’s the process?
An interpreter interprets the code into CPU instructions just in time to run them
When a file has a code that’s written in an interpreted language, what is it called?
A script
What is a script run by? What’s the process?
An interpreter interprets the code into CPU instructions just in time to run them
As an IT support specialist, you are required to do what with software?
Check the license agreement before installing
As an IT specialist, what 4 things should you make sure you do with software?
- always test new software before letting company use it
- Don’t run old software as you risk being exposed to cyber attacks from software bugs being exposed
- Update software constantly
- Check software source before installing
Define a ‘software bug’?
an error in software that causes unexpected results
What is Git?
a version control system that helps keep track of changes made to files and directories
Like in Word has revision history
What is .exe?
Windows file extension= executable file
With what command do we tell Linux we’re authorized to install software?
sudo
super user do
What command in Linux (ubuntu) lets us install Git software?
apt
followed with install/remove programname
In Linux how do we uninstall a program? What’s the command?
sudo apt-get remove programname
In Linux how do we search for if a program is installed on Linux?
dpkg -s programname
In Linux, how do you update the repository (storage box of common programs on machine)?
sudo apt-get update
In Linux how do you install a program?
sudo apt-get install programname
In Linux, how do you force an update of the package manager?
sudo apt-get install -f
(for after you search for a program and it’s out of date)
