Cours 5 Flashcards

1
Q

3 raisons de connaitre l’évolution naturelle d’une maladie

A
  • Décrire le fardeau de la maladie pour planifier les ressources en santé
  • Fournir de l’information aux patients sur leur pronostic
  • Établir un étalon pour la comparaison de traitements
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2
Q

Qu’est ce que la létalité ?

A

L = d/m
proportion des personnes atteintes d’une maladie qui décèdent après un certain temps

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3
Q

5 méthodes de décrire l’histoire naturelle d’une pathologie

A

taux de létalité (d/m)
survie à 5 ans
survie observée
durée de survie médiane
survie relative

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4
Q

2 méthodes pour calculer l’analyse de survie

A

méthode actuarielle (Life table)
méthode Kaplan-meier

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5
Q

quel type d’étude fait le suivi d’un groupe ayant une pathologie ?

A

étude de cohorte

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6
Q

quelles sont les 2 phases de la maladie?

A

Pré-clinique: apparition de la maladie et des s/s
Clinique: visite chez un professionnel, dx, tx, Outcome (mort ou rémission)
voir image p.1 (cours 5)

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7
Q

Quelle méthode est préconisée pour une pathologie aigue qui agit sur une courte période de temps

A

taux létalité

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8
Q

Quelle méthode est préconisée pour une pathologie comme le cancer?

A

survie sur 5 ans

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9
Q

Quel moment marque le début de l’histoire naturelle?

A

le début de la maladie (1ere journée)

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10
Q

Quels moments marque la fin de l’histoire naturelle? (pertinent au pronostic)

A

au décès
survie (5 ans)
récidive (typiquement 2 ans)
capacité fonctionnelle
marqueur spécifique à la maladie
incapacité
sx

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11
Q

Quelle est la particularité du Kaplan Meier méthod?

A

il n’y a pas d’intervalles prédéterminées

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12
Q

Définition de la durée médiane de survie

A

la durée à laquelle 50% de la population survie

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13
Q

Définition de survie relative

A

survie observé / survie attendue

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following is a good index of the severity of a short-term, acute disease?
    a. Cause-specific death rate
    b. 5-year survival
    c. Case-fatality
    d. Standardized mortality ratio
    e. None of the above
A

c

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15
Q
  1. A diagnostic test has been introduced that will detect a certain disease 1 year earlier than it is usually detected.
    Which of the following is most likely to happen to the disease within the 10 years after the test is introduced?
    (Assume that early detection has no effect on the natural history of the disease. Also assume that no changes in death certification practices occur during the 10 years.)
    a. The period prevalence rate will decrease
    b. The apparent 5-year survival will increase
    c. The age-adjusted mortality rate will decrease
    d. The age-adjusted mortality rate will increase
    e. The incidence rate will decrease
A

b

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about relative survival is true?
    a. It refers to survival of first-degree relatives
    b. It is generally closer to observed survival in elderly populations
    c. It is generally closer to observed survival in young populations
    d. It generally differs from observed survival by a constant amount, regardless of age
    e. None of the above
A

c

17
Q

8.Before reporting the results of this survival analysis, the investigators compared the baseline characteristics of the 42 persons who withdrew from the study before its end with those of the participants who had complete follow-up. This was done for which of the following reasons:
a. To test whether randomization was successful
b. To check for changes in prognosis over time
c. To check whether those who remained in the study represent the total study population
d. To determine whether the outcome of those who remained in the study is the same as the outcome of the underlying population
e. To check for confounders in the exposed and nonexposed groups

A

c

18
Q

comment calculer la probabilité de survie à 5 ans?

A

(P1 x p2 x p3 x p4 x p5) x 100

19
Q
A