Cours 13 : Arthritis Flashcards
What is the typical clientele?
Older adults
18-44 : 7% report doctor-diagnosed arthritis
45-64 : 30% report doctor-diagnosed arthritis
aged 65 or older : 50% report doctor-diagnosed arthritis
More females than males : 26% of women and 19% of men report doctor-diagnosed arthritis
Can a kinesiologist play a role?
Yes, we deal with more aging population, so arthritis is one of them and moving is one of the treatments of arthritis
What about glucosamine? Is it better than a fake pill?
No, it is not better
What is the definition of arthritis?
From greek - arthro = joints + tis = inflammation (a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body
How many forms of arthritis there is?
More than 100 forms of arthritis –> these include conditions characterized by soreness, stiffness and pain in joints
Examples from the Arthritis Society site
What is the most common form of arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis (+- 1% of the population)
Osteoarthritis (+- 10% of the population)
What are the main problems of arthritis?
Decrease in joint mobility
Presence of joint pain
What is the prevalence of arthritis?
6 million Canadians have arthritis (1 in 7 people)
The most common cause of long-term disability in Canada
More than 600 000 Canadians are classified as disabled because of arthritis ( no work and decrease in daily living activities)
Why is the prevalence going up?
Because of the aging population. It will increase economic costs to society and the proportion of the population who experience the pain, disability and disruption to their lives due to arthritis
What is the impact of arthritis on daily life?
The pain can prevent activities in people living with arthritis
Physical inactivity is slightly higher in people living with arthritis
** Physical activities like gardening, snow shovelling, cleaning the house,etc**
What is the hand involvement in arthritis?
Inflammation and joint deformity (with time and if its severe)
It can be painful
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Affects all ages with usual onset between 20 and 50 years ( approximately 272 000 Canadians
3 times more common in females
inflammation occurs in the synovial membranes that cover a joint capsule and spreads throughout the joint
Affects more than one joint and usually symmetrical
Most common on the wrist, hands, knees, feet, cervical spine
Periods of exacerbation (flare up) and remission
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (disease type and cause)?
Systemic = the entire body is affected (fever, pallor, inflammation of tear and salivary glands
Medication to reduce joint inflammation and pain + immunosuppressive drugs
Cause : malfunction of the immune system (autoimmune disease)
New = blood test for RA diagnosis (inflammatory markers = c reactive protein)
C- reactive protein is a protein produced by the liver and found in blood. CRP levels in the blood rise in response to inflammation
What happens in the joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
There’s an inflamed joint capsule and synovial membrane
There’s panes formations (swelling from the synovial membrane), loss of space in synovial cavity and there’S cartilage destruction
T-cells don’t recognize it anymore so the body attacks by producing new cells and repair the injuries but it creates deformation
What is Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?
The most common form of arthritis in children
Symptoms and causes are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis
Average age of onset : 6 years
(2 peaks of 2-4 and 8-11)
Complete functional recovery in about 50% of the cases
Periods of exacerbation last form 1 week to several months
What are the warning signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Pain, swelling, tenderness, heat, or redness in a joint. This is called inflammation
Inflammation may start gradually or with sudden severe attack (can occur after psychological trauma)
Morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes
Pain in 3 or more joints at the same time or in a joint all night Lon
Low energy and fatigue (systemic disease)
What is osteoarthritis?
The most common form of arthritis
Mainly affects persons age 50+
Same incidence between men and women
Symptoms get worse as the day goes on (because of fatigue)
Degenerative joint disease (loss of articular cartilage)
Commonly affected joints, hands, spine, hips, knees
Disease the = peripheral (local effect)
Medications to reduce joint inflammation and pain
Causes : genetic predisposition, joint trauma (Kees of football players), excess weight (obesity), overuse syndrome (hands of hairdressers)
What are the treatment to manage arthritis?
Exercise helps reduce pain, and prevent further joint damage
Mechanical pressure over the cartilage = brings nutrients + squeezes out waste
Absences of movement = cartilage will starve + crumble away and tendons + ligaments will shrink, stiffen up + become weaker
Exercise of inflamed joints straightens the muscles around the joint. This results in less pain + exercise helps you maintain a healthy weight, which puts less strain on the joints (weight bearing joints)
What does the program look like?
2 fitness assessments (pre and post 12 week session)
- Resting heart rate and blood pressure
- Height and weight
- Waist circumference
- Percent of body fat and fat free mass
- aerobic testing
Each class is once a week
- aerobic training
- resistance training
- range of motion
- stretching muscle relaxation or an educational talk
What is a RED workout?
More than normal pain + joints in flare-up –> training intensity = low (rest and recover + range of motion and breathing + relaxation exercises stretching
What is a YELLOW workout?
Normal pain + normal joint comfort
Training intensity
Easy to moderate = normal exercise routine
What is a GREEN workout?
Better than normal pain + joints feeling good
Training intensity
Moderate to high (baby seps)
Trying something new with increase time, weights, reps and sets
What are the exercise recommendations from the Arthritis Society?
Range of Motion + Stretching
If joint is affected but not painful
ROM exercise : 5-10 repetitions, the positions is held for 2-3 seconds (when it is appropriate)
- Stretching exercises : 2 to 3 repetitions, the position is held for 20-30 sec
If the joint is slightly swollen , but neither hot nor painful, cut the repetitions in half
if the joint is hot, swollen + painful : 1 or 2 receptions, of the ROM exercises and no stretching
What are the Stretching exercises?
5-10 repetitions with low pad (it can be repeated 3 times = 15 to 30 reps)
If the joint = slightly swollen + mildly painful = cut the repetitions in half = 7 to 15 reps
If the joint is hot, swollen + painful = avoid strengthening exercises
Important to move the affected joints
