couples

Question 1

household

Answer 1

one person living alone or people living together, this can be families or friends

Question 2

nuclear family

Answer 2

the traditional view of a family, a man and woman with dependant children

Question 3

extended family

Answer 3

family of 3 generations

Question 4

reconstituted family

Answer 4

a family with a step parent

Question 5

same sex family

Answer 5

2 same sex parents and a child

Question 6

19th century victorian family

Answer 6

very patriarchal - male dominated
man owns home and money
wife does domestic labour and brought up children
men were breadwinner - made the money
womens property and belongings given to men when married

Question 7

functionalist sociologists argument

domestic division of labour

Answer 7

society is built on shared values (consensus) and free from major conflict
they see laws (social policies) as helpful to all

Question 8

feminists argument

domestic division of labour

Answer 8

all social institutions (e.g. education, religion, family) help to maintain womens inferior (subordinate) position and unequal gender division in the family

Question 9

Oakley (1974)

Answer 9

found men were starting to help but their contribution to household help was small. Their version of contribution might involve ironing their shirt for work or playing with the children on the weekend.

Question 10

Boulton (1983)

Answer 10

backed up Oakleys claims when her research fount that less than 20% of husbands has a major role in childcare

found that women take care of their childs security and well being

Question 11

impact of paid work in todays society

Answer 11

today over 3/4 of women who are married/ in a relationship (cohabiting) are in some form of employment

this contrasts Oakleys study of housewives in 1974 where less than 50% of women had a job

has this led to men taking o the fair share of household duties or whether the wife now has the ‘dual burden’ of paid work and domestic work

Question 12

dual burden

Answer 12

when a woman has the responsibility of raising the children, taking care of the domestic chores as well as working outside the home

Question 13

Young + Wilmott

Answer 13

found that in Bethnal Green the symmetrical family was more common amongst young people

Question 14

Bott

Answer 14

joint conjugal roles are where a couple share housework, childcare and leisure time

Question 15

Gershuny (1994)

Answer 15

found that couple are more likely to share homework if their parents did

Question 16

The British Social Attitudes survey (2013)

Answer 16

suggested that less than 10% of under-35s agreed with traditional gender divisions of labour but 30% of over-65s did
this shows a change in cultural norms and values leading to more equal relationships

Question 17

Arber + Ginn (1995)

Answer 17

found that better paid middle-class women could afford cleaning devices and childcare, meaning they didn’t have to do as much and could successfully hod down a career

whereas the working class women can’t afford this and so are stuck in low paid part time employment

Question 18

Ramos (2003)

Answer 18

found that men do more domestic tasks if they are unemployed and the women is the main breadwinner

Question 19

The March of Progress View

Answer 19

Gershuny fun that housewives did 83% of the housework, whereas those who worked full time did 73%

Gershuny believed the gap between men and women was getting smaller in terms of household duty share

Question 20

Warde + Hethering

Answer 20

found men would only carry out routine tasks the their partners weren’t around

Question 21

Morris (1990)

Answer 21

found that unemployed men avoided housework as they felt that it degraded their masculinity

Question 22

Gregson + Lowe (1994)

Answer 22

found that middle class families often hired nannies and cleaners to carry out domestic labour and childcare

Question 23

Duncombe + Marsden (1995)

Answer 23

argue that women have to perform the ‘triple shift’ of housework, paid work and emotional work

Question 24

Dunne (1999)

Answer 24

studied 37 lesbian couples with children and found a much more equal division of labour

Question 25

radical feminists argue

Answer 25

that heterosexual relationships are patriarchal and will always be unequal

Question 26

Barrett + McIntosh (1991)

Answer 26

men gain a lot more from womens unpaid domestic work than they actually give back in financial support

the financial support that wives get from husbands is often random an d comes with ‘strings attached’ (e.g. extra housework)

men usually make decisions about spending on important things (e.g. car/holiday)

Question 27

Kempson (1994)

Answer 27

working class women are much more unlikely to have an unequal share of money

Question 28

Vogler (1993) pooling

Answer 28

joint responsibility between partners about the amount of money to spent

and the access to income (joint bank accounts)

Question 29

Vogler (1993) the allowance system

Answer 29

the man (breadwinner) gives the wife a certain amount of money to spend on households needs
meaning they have to budget and reduce costs
then any money left over goes to the man

Question 30

Finch (1983)

Answer 30

the lives of women get structured around their husbands careers

Question 31

Edgell (1980)

Answer 31

very important decisions - men have final say e.g. finances/ moving house

important decisions - made joint, not usually wife alone e.g childs education

less important decisions - made by wife e.g. home decor, food purchases

Question 32

why are there inequalities in decision making?

Answer 32

its argued women have less say in decisions as generally they earn less than their partners and are therefore dependant on them economically

generally the mens careers are a priority over the womens putting them in power over certain decisions

Question 33

domestic violence sociological definition

Answer 33

psychological, physical, emotional of financial abuse in a relationship to in the home

Question 34

domestic violence home office definition

Answer 34

any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are, or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality

Question 35

domestic violence statistics

Answer 35

40% of domestic violence is suffered by men

domestic violence accounts for nearly 25% of recorded violent crime (womens aid 2014)

women are more likely than men to experience domestic violence ( Coleman et al. 2007)

Question 36

Dobash + Dobash (1979:2007)

Answer 36

interviewed victims (women)/ looked at statistics + found that these victims were slapped, pushed, beaten, raped, + even killed by husbands

this often happened when a woman challenged her husbands authority

Question 37

Walby + Allen (2004)

Answer 37

women were much more likely to be victims of multiple incidents of abuse

Question 38

Ansara + Hindin (2011)

Answer 38

women much more likely to be psychologically affected by violence

Question 39

England and Wales crime surveys (2017)

Answer 39

1.2 million women experienced domestic violence

700,000 men experienced domestic violence (4%)

Question 40

official statistics domestic violence

Answer 40

46 arrests per 100 domestic related crimes recorded by 39 police forces in the year ending in June 2017

70% of domestic homicides including female victims

Question 41

radical feminists explanations for domestic violence

Answer 41

argue all societies are founded on patriarchy and that men are the oppressors and exploiters of women

they believe marriage is a key institution of a patriarchal society and men dominate through the threat/ use of domestic violence

this helps explain why most domestic violence is committed by men, they provide an explanation by linking patterns of domestic violence to social norms about marriage

not all men are aggressive and violent (Elliot 1996)

fails to explain why young women, WC women or disabled women experience it more often

fails to explain domestic violence committed by women in lesbian relationships, violence against men and child abuse by women

Question 42

materialist explanations for domestic violence

Answer 42

focus on economic and material factors such as inequalities in income and housing to explain why some groups are more at risk

Wilkinson + Picketts study shows that not all people are equally in danger of domestic violence: those with less power, status + wealth are at greatest risk

doesn’t explain why women are more likely to be victims than men

marxist feminists like Ansley say that this fails to blame capitalism for domestic violence she says that women are the ‘taker of shit’