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Sociology mock > Couples - 2.2 > Flashcards

Couples - 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Conjugal Roles Key Sociologists

A

> Parsons (Functionalist) - Segregated Roles

> Bott (Segregated Roles and Joint Conjugal Roles)

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2
Q

Functionalist View on Conjugal Roles (Parsons)

A
  • Men and Women have diff roles based on biological differences
  • Women naturally suited to nurturing, Men suited to providing.
  • Thus it’s functional and benefits everyone
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3
Q

What are the Key Roles Parsons identifies?

A
  • Men’s Role - Breadwinner/Instrumental
  • Female’s Role - Expressive/Caregiving
    (Clear Division of Labour)
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4
Q

Which other perspective agrees with Functionalists on their view of Conjugal Roles and why?

A

> NR Supports Functionalist view as best way of organising family life.

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5
Q

A03 Functionalist Conjugal Roles Sociologists

A

> Young & Wilmott (SF)

> Feminist Views (Socially Constructed)

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6
Q

How do Young & Wilmott criticise the Functionalist view on Conjugal Roles?

A

Men and women now have = roles

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7
Q

How do Feminists criticise the Functionalist view on Conjugal Roles?

A

Gender Roles are socially constructed not natural

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8
Q

Explain Bott’s 2 Conjugal Roles?

A

> Segregated Conjugal Roles:
- Couples have separate roles e.g. male breadwinner & female homemaker/carer, spending leisure time separately.

> Joint Conjugal Roles:
- Where couples share tasks e..g housework and childcare, spending leisure time together.

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9
Q

Division of Labour Key Sociologists

A

> Young & Wilmott (SF)

> Sullivan (MOPV)

> Feminist (Rejection of MOPV)

> Oakley (Exaggeration of Men’s Contribution)

> BSA (Inequality in Dom Work)

> Hochschild (Inequality in DEF)

> Bell (Unemployed Men)

> Morley (Gender Diff on Views on the Home)

> Dunscombe & Marsden (Dual Burden)

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10
Q

Define the Symmetrical Family

A

> Equally balanced and flexible, partners share both instrumental and expressive roles.

> Couples spend leisure time together, men more home-centred and family’s more privatised.

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11
Q

Explain Young and Wilmott’s MOPV?

A

> Families less patriarchal and more equal & democratic between both men and women.

> Women also go to work now full time

> Men also now help with Housework and Childcare

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12
Q

Briefly Outline What Factors have led to the Symmetrical Family?

A

> Weakening Gender Identities
Improved Living Standards
Commercialization of Dom Labour
Economically Active Women

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13
Q

Explain how Weakening Gender Identities led to the Symmetrical Family

A
  • Less pressure to conform to traditional roles, men encouraged to view women as =
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14
Q

Explain how Improved Living Standards led to the Symmetrical Family

A

New Tech e.g. washing machines and dishwashers, means that certain jobs are now easier to do, easing burden of labour but may only be available to MC.

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15
Q

Explain how Commercialization of Dom Labour led to the Symmetrical Family

A
  • As families’s more dual earning, there’s been growth in Dom Labour industry
  • More families pay for certain tasks to be completed e.g. hiring maids.
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16
Q

Explain how Economically Active Women led to the Symmetrical Family

A
  • Girls going work more, so men need to help around the house so chores can be done.
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17
Q

Explain Sullivan’s MOPV?

A
  • Women do less dom work & Men do more traditional women’s tasks & couples have = DOL.
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18
Q

What is the Feminist View on the MOPV?

A
  • Reject MOPV, see family as patriarchal, women still do most housework.
  • Women working not led to greater equality, they now have dual burden and triple shift.
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19
Q

Outline Oakley’s view on Inequalities in Housework undermining MOPV?

A
  • No evidence of symmetry in Dom Labour.
  • Young & Wilmott exaggerate mens contribution, although they did help, this was merely seen as ironing a shirt 1x a week, nothing major.
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20
Q

Outline BSA view on Inequalities in Housework undermining MOPV?

A
  • Women do 2x as much work & couples still divide tasks based on TDDOL.
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21
Q

Outline Hochschild view on Inequalities in Housework undermining MOPV?

A

Even in DEF, women still had main responsibility for Dom Tasks.

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22
Q

Outline Bell view on Inequalities in Housework undermining MOPV?

A

Unemployed men resist pleas from partners to do more housework.

23
Q

Outline Morley view on Inequalities in Housework undermining MOPV?

A

Women see home as place of work, men a place of leisure.

24
Q

Outline Dunscombe & Marsden view on Inequalities in Housework undermining MOPV?

A

Women not required to carry dual burden, but triple shift e.g. emotion work, dom labour and paid work.

25
Q

Childcare and Quality Time Key Sociologists

A

> Boulton (Wife Responsible for Childcare)
Braun et al (Provider Ideology)
Dex and Ward (Caring for a Sick Child)
Southerton (Quality Time)

26
Q

Outline Boulton view on Inequalities in Childcare undermining MOPV?

A
  • Need to look at who’s responsible for tasks not just who performs them.
  • e.g. Wife seen as responsible for kids welfare, even when men help.
  • Less than ⅕ took major role in childcare.
27
Q

Outline Braun et al view on Inequalities in Childcare undermining MOPV?

A

Most fathers were background fathers, held a provider ideology, role was being breadwinner, not primary carer.

28
Q

Outline Dex & Ward view on Inequalities in Childcare undermining MOPV?

A

Only 1% of fathers took main responsibility for caring for a sick kid.

29
Q

Outline Southerton view on Inequalities in Responsibilities undermining MOPV?

A
  • Women take responsibility for managing families quality time
  • In late modernity, 24/7 society and flexible working mean ppl time is more fragmented and deroutinised.
  • Women find themselves juggling childcare and multitasking, during their leisure time.
  • Men have better uninterrupted quality time.
30
Q

Reasons for Gender Division of Labour Sociologists

A

> Crompton & Lyonette’s (2 Reasons for Gender Division of Labour)

> Kan (Trends Among Younger Men)

> Gershuny (Couples Adapting)

> Kan (Impact of Women’s Wage on Dom Labour)

> Rad Fem (View on Heterosexual Relationships)

> Dunne (SSC and Gender Scripts)

> Weeks and Smart (SSC and Gender Scripts)

31
Q

Briefly outline the 2 Reasons of Crompton & Lyonette’s for the Gender DOL

A

> Cultural & Ideological Explanation

> Economic Explanation

32
Q

What is the Cultural & Ideological Explanation for the Gender DOL

A

Patriarchal cultural norms shape gender roles.

women perform more dom labour, as society expects and has socialised them to do.

33
Q

In relation to the Cultural & Ideological Explanation when will equality be achieved?

A

Equality will only occur when attitudes, norms and socialisation change

34
Q

How does Kan support the idea Equality will only occur when attitudes, norms and socialisation change, in relation to the Cultural & Ideological Explanation?

A

Younger men now do more dom work, highlighting gen shift

35
Q

How does Gershuny support the idea Equality will only occur when attitudes, norms and socialisation change, in relation to the Cultural & Ideological Explanation?

A

Couples adapted to women working full time, creating new norm of men doing + dom work.

36
Q

What is the Economic Explanation for the Gender DOL

A

Women earn less than man, so it’s economically rational for them to do more dom labour, while men spend time getting + money.

37
Q

In relation to the Economic Explanation when will equality be achieved?

How is this supported by Kan?

A
  • Equality will only occur when women earn = men, thus leading to = contribution to dom labour.
  • e.g. Kan: Every 10K a year a women gets = 2 less hours of housework a week.
38
Q

What is the Rad Fem view on Heterosexual Relationships, in relation to Dunne’s Study?

A

Rad Fem see heterosexual relationships as patriarchal & unequal, even when women work.

39
Q

What did Dunne find in SSC that supports with the Rad Fem view on Heterosexual Relationships and why was this?

A

> But in SSC, Dunne found lesbian couples w/ kids, had more equality in dom labour.

> Heterosexuals are socialised into gender scripts, setting out diff masculine and feminine roles, linked to dom tasks.

> Lesbians didn’t link dom tasks to gender scripts, more open to negotiation and =

40
Q

According to Dunne how may Lesbian couples not be equal?

A

But even for lesbians if there’s unequal earning there was unequal DOL.

41
Q

Weeks & Smart View on Lesbian Couples & Gender Scripts

A

SSC are more = as DOL’s open to negotiation and agreement, not based on patriarchal tradition.

42
Q

Resource and Decision Making Key Sociologists

A

> Barrett and McIntosh (Inequality between Female Dom Work and Men Financial Support)

> Kempson (Struggle of WC Women)

> Pahl and Vogler (Money Management)

> Edgell (Men’s decision making power in MC relationships)

> Smart (PLP Perspective on Money in LGBT Couples)

43
Q

What does Inequality in Resources depend on?

A

Inequality in resources depends who controls family income and makes decisions on how it’s spent - usually the man.

44
Q

Barrett and McIntosh - view on Resource and Decision Making, between Men and Women

A
  • Men gain more from women’s DOM work than they give back in financial support
  • Also coming with strings attached.
  • Men also make majority of big decisions.
45
Q

Kempson view on Resource and Decision Making, between Men and Women

A

WC women denied own needs, hardly going out, eating smaller portions of food, just to make ends meet, as they see money as family money.

46
Q

Why did Pahl and Vogler state Men have greater control over resources?

A

Men have greater share of resources as they earn more

47
Q

What are Pahl and Vogler’s two controls over money management, they found?

A
  • Pooling

- Allowance System

48
Q

Define Pooling in relation to Pahl and Vogler

A
  • Both partners have joint access to income and both responsible for expenses
  • More equality in decision making and control over resources
  • Usually when both man & women work full time.
  • Increasing in recent years, but men still tended to make major decisions, due to greater earnings.
49
Q

Define the Allowance System in relation to Pahl and Vogler?

A

Men give wives an allowance to meet the family’s needs, excess is kept for him. (Declining)

50
Q

A03 Criticisms of Pahl and Vogler

A

> Feminists (Decision Making not Linked w/ Money)

51
Q

How do Feminists criticise the idea that Men have greater share of resources as they earn more?

A

Decision making not linked to money, but due to patriarchal society and gender role socialisation.

52
Q

Edgell’s findings on differences in Resource and Decision Making, between Men and Women in Professional Couples.

A
  • Even if professional couples work full time, unimportant decisions are made by wife children’s clothes, food.
  • Major decisions by man alone or jointly, but w/ man having final say e.g. finances, moving house etc.
53
Q

Explain Smart’s PLP Perspective on Money in LGBT Couples

A
  • LGBT’s didn’t care who controlled money, fine giving this to partners.
  • Didn’t see control of money as inequality.
  • Freedom to do what suits them as a couple.
  • As they don’t enter relationships with heterosexual baggage of culture meanings, seeing money as source of power.
54
Q

Difference vs Dual Burden & Triple Shift

A

> Dual Burden: Paid Work & Unpaid Work

> Triple Shift: Paid/Unpaid Work & Emotional Work

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