couples

Question 1

instrumental role

Answer 1

parsons
husband provides for the family financially - is the breadwinner

Question 2

expressive role

Answer 2

parsons
wife is responsible for the primary socialisation of the kids and homemaker

Question 3

what does parsons say the division of labour is based on

Answer 3

biological differences
woman is ‘naturally’ suited to the nurturing role and men to the provider

Question 4

parsons ao3

Answer 4

men are taking a greater share of domestic tasks and more wives are becoming wage earners

feminists reject the idea that the division is natural - it only benefits men

Question 5

segregated conjugal roles

Answer 5

couple has separate roles - male breadwinner and female homemaker

leisure is separate

Question 6

joint conjugal roles

Answer 6

couples share tasks

leisure is spent together

Question 7

young and willmott study

Answer 7

identified a pattern of segregated conjugal roles in working class extended families

men = breadwinners - little role in home life
women = full-time housewife

Question 8

symmetrical family and sociologists

Answer 8

Young and Willmott
trend away from segregated roles
roles of husbands and wives are much similar

women go to work
men help with housework

Question 9

what is the rise of the symmetrical family a result of and sociologists

Answer 9

young and willmott

changes in women’s positions (e.g. working)
higher standards of living

Question 10

feminist view of housework

Answer 10

men and women still remain unequal

stems from the fact that the family and society are male-dominated and patriarchal

Question 11

Oakley criticism of young and willmott

Answer 11

their claims of the family being symmetrical are exaggerated

although husbands ‘helped’ their wives at least once a week its unclear the extent of the help

Question 12

only ___% of husbands had a high level of participation in the housework

Answer 12

15%

Question 13

warde and hetherington AO2

Answer 13

men would carry out routine ‘female’ tasks when their partners were not around to do them

Question 14

march of progress view - gershuny

Answer 14

omen working full-time is leading to a more equal division of labour

Question 15

feminist view of couples becoming equal

Answer 15

women going into work has not led to greater equality

women now carry a dual burden

couple continue to divide household tasks along traditional gender lines

Question 16

survey on men v women doing housework AO2

Answer 16

men on average did 8 hours of housework a week and women did 13 hours

Question 17

survey on men v women doing housework AO3

Answer 17

does not measure the qualitative differences in the tasks

Question 18

triple shift

Answer 18

housework, paid work, emotion work

Question 19

leisure

Answer 19

scheduling family’s ‘quality time’ falls to mothers

mens leisure time = consolidated blocks
women’s = punctuated by childcare

Question 20

explanations for the unequal division of labour

Answer 20

the cultural or ideological explanation

the material or economic explanation

Question 21

the cultural explanation for unequal division

Answer 21

division is determined by patriarchal norms and values

Question 22

the material explanation for unequal division

Answer 22

the fact that women generally earn less means rear its economically rational for women to do more of the housework

Question 23

evidence for cultural explanation for the unequal division

Answer 23

gershuny
coupes whose parents had a more equal relationship are more likely to share housework equally themselves

Question 24

evidence for the material explanation for the unequal division

Answer 24

kan
for every £10,000 a year more a woman earns she does 2 hours less housework

Question 25

Barrett and Mcintosh ao2 - resources and decision making

Answer 25

men gain far more from women’s domestic work that they give back in financial support

Question 26

kempson ao2 - resources

Answer 26

among low income families women denied their own needs

Question 27

2 types of control over family income

Answer 27

the allowance system

pooling

Question 28

the allowance system

Answer 28

men give their wives an allowance out of which they have to budget to meet all the family’s needs

Question 29

pooling

Answer 29

where both partners have access to income and joint responsibility for expenditure

its on the increase

Question 30

pahl and vogler ao2 pooling

Answer 30

even where there was pooling, men usually made the major financial decision making

Question 31

edgell’s study of couples

Answer 31

very important decisions - those involving finance = taken by only husband

important decisions - those about children’s education = made jointly

less important decisions - choice of home decor = made by wife

Question 32

the meaning of money

Answer 32

nyman
money has no fixed meaning and different couples define it in different ways - these meanings can reflect the nature of they relationship

Question 33

‘personal life’ perspective on money

Answer 33

meanings couples give to who controls the money

might assume that one partner controlling the money is a sign of inequality - for some couples it may not mean that

Question 34

personal life perspective ao2 - smart

Answer 34

some gay men and lesbians attached no importance to who controlled the money.

there’s greater freedom for same-sex couples to do what suits them as a couple because they don’t enter relationships with the same heterosexual meanings around money

Question 35

challenges to the idea that domestic violence is the behaviour of a dew sick individuals

Answer 35

its too widespread - DV accounts for between 1/6 or 1/4 of all recorded violent crime

Dv does. not occur randomly but follows social patterns - e.g its mainly violence by men against women
2 women a week are killed by a partner

Question 36

official statistics understate about DV

Answer 36

victims may not report it to the police - yearnshire on average a woman suffers 35 assaults before making a report

Dar - victims are less likely to report it because they believe its not a matter for the police

police may be reluctant to record because the family is a private sphere, family is a good thing so they tend to neglect the darker side

women are free agents so can leave

Question 37

official statistics ao3 - free agents

Answer 37

male violence is often couples with male economic power - abused women are financially dependent in their husbands

Question 38

explanations of DV

Answer 38

radical feminist - emphasises the role of patriarchal ideas

materialist explanation - emphasises economic factors such as lack of resources

Question 39

radical feminist explanation

Answer 39

see family and marriage as the key institutions in patriarchal society and the main source of women’s oppression

men dominate through violence or threat of

DV serves to preserve the power of men

male domination of state institutions helps explain reluctance of police and courts to deal effectively with cases

Question 40

radical feminist explanation ao3

Answer 40

Elliot rejects this claim that all men benefit from violence against women - not all men are aggressive - most oppose DV - radicals ignore this

radicals also fail to explain female violence (child abuse and against men)

Question 41

materialist explanation for Dv

Answer 41

economic and material factors - inequalities in income and housing explain why some are more at risk that others

Wilkinson and Pickett - Dv as a result of stress on family members caused by social inequality <- = less resources that others = higher level so stress = higher risk of conflict and violence

Question 42

materialist explanation for DV ao3

Answer 42

Wilkinson and Pickett’s view is useful in showing how social inequality produces stress an triggers conflict and violence in families

marxist fems also see inequality causing DV - Ansley: wives are ‘takers of shit’ - Dv is a product of capitalism, male workkers are exploited at work and take out their frustration on wives