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Cultural Understanding > Countries of Latin America > Flashcards

Countries of Latin America Flashcards

0
Q

The Mayans

A
  • One of the 3 most important Indigenous group
  • Inhabited the Yucatàn (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belieze)
  • One of the most advanced cultures
  • intellectual, arithmetic system, a calendar, hieroglyphic writing
  • Human Sacrifice
  • Language: Mayan
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1
Q

Colombia

A
  • Located in South America
  • In pre-Colombian times, Chibchas, The Muiscas, and The Quechuas inhabited the area.
  • In 1501, Rodrigo de Bastidas was The first European to arrive to the region.
  • Between 1524 and 1534, the Spaniards colonized the area and called it Nueva Granada.
  • Columbian economy is based on agriculture and it’s most important exports our coffee, corn, rice, sugar, cotton, and bananas.
  • The capital is Santa Fe de Bogotá
  • Currency is the Columbian peso.
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2
Q

The Incas

A
  • inhabited what is now Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile
  • Culture based on Ayllu (Clan) and communal agriculture
  • tyrannical policy and used violence to control subjects
  • Language: Quechua
  • Architecture was their form of art
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3
Q

The Aztecs

A
  • Inhabited central Mexico
  • best-known leaders were Montezuma I and Montezuma II
  • Capital empire was Tenochtitlan
  • Developed Society with different classes
  • Language was Náhuatl.
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4
Q

Ecuador

A
  • Located in South America
  • The Incas conquered the tribes that inhabited the area
  • Economy is based on agriculture and it is the largest exporter of bananas
  • Oil and its products are also important for the economy
  • The capital is Quito
  • Currency is the US dollar
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5
Q

Venezuela

A
  • Located in South America
  • In 1812 it declared its independence
  • Economy is based on oil and its products
  • Capital is Caracas
  • Currency is bolivar
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6
Q

Uruguay

A
  • Located in South America
  • Several indigenous peoples inhabited the area but most notably the Charrúas who rebelled against the Spaniards who wanted to conquer the region
  • After fighting against the Spaniards and the Portuguese and after several different changes in government, Uruguay was established as a state in 1825
  • The capital is Montevideo
  • Currency is the Uruguayan peso
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7
Q

Bolivia

A
  • South America
  • Interesting fact, the country doesn’t have access to the ocean
  • The Pukina and the Aymara inhabited the area but were under the Inca Empire
  • In 1825 Simón Bolívar declared independence
  • Has 2 capitals: The administrative capital and seat of government is La Paz and the constitutional capital is Sucre.
  • 3 official languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara
  • Currency is boliviano
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8
Q

Peru

A
  • South America
  • Machu Picchu is located in Peru
  • Several indigenous groups inhabited the area under the Inca Empire
  • Between 1531-1535, the region was conquered by Francisco Pizarro
  • in 1820, José de San Martín took control of the country and declared independence
  • The economy is based on agriculture
  • The capital is Lima
  • Currency is Sol
  • The official languages are Spanish and Quechua.
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9
Q

Argentina

A
  • South America
  • Declared its independence in 1816
  • Economy based on livestock and oil
  • Capital is Buenos Aires
  • Currency is the Argentine peso
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10
Q

Paraguay

A
  • South America
  • Interesting to note that this country also does not have access to the ocean
  • Guaraní inhabited the area
  • Between 1735 and 1756 the Guaraní rebelled against the Spaniards
  • Paraguay fought against Argentina and Spain and in 1830 declared independence
  • Has two official languages: Spanish and Guaraní
  • Capital Asunción
  • Currency is the guaraní
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11
Q

Chile

A
  • South America
  • Inhabited by the Incas in pre-columbian times
  • Declared independence from Spain in 1818
  • Economy based on agriculture, vinyards, exports of wine, and tourism (due to the different climates)
  • The capital is Santiago
  • Currency is the Chilean peso
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12
Q

The Antilles

A
  • The archipelago in the Caribbean Sea between North and South America
  • The greater Antilles are Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico
  • The Lesser Antilles are the islands on the east of the Caribbean Sea and include Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martique, Saint Lucia, Barbados, Granada, Trinidad…
  • The first land Colón put his foot on in 1492.
  • Sugar production flourished and, with it, slavery
  • There is a large mix of races in the islands, and, due to the big imports of slaves, the influence of Africa is notable
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14
Q

The Dominican Republic

A
  • Located on the Island of Hispaniola
  • Inhabited by Tiano and Arawak
  • In 1844, independence was declared
  • Economy based on agriculture ( mainly sugar cane)
  • Capital Santo Domingo
  • Currency is the Dominican peso
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15
Q

South America

A

Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina.

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16
Q

Panama

A
  • Central America
  • The Panama Canal, is very important to the region and due to the influence of the United States, international enterprises have expanded Panama.
  • The capital is Ciudad de Panamá
  • Currency is the balboa
17
Q

Cuba

A
  • One of the islands of the Greater Antilles
  • Capital Havana
  • Currency Cuban peso
18
Q

Puerto Rico

A
  • One of the islands of the Greater Antilles
  • 1899 became part of the US and in 1950 set as an unincorporated territory of the United States
  • Capital San Juan
  • Currency US Dollar
19
Q

Guatemala

A
  • Central America
  • The Maya inhabited the area
  • Agriculture (sugar, coffee, cane, and bananas) are the most important sector of the economy of Guatemala
  • Capital is Ciudad de Guatemala
  • Currency is the quetzal
20
Q

El Salvador

A
  • The smallest county in Central America
  • Inhabited by the Mayans
  • The county experienced civil war from 1977-1979
  • A president regime was established in 1983
  • Coffee is the main agricultural product of El Salvador
  • Capital San Salvador
  • Currency is the Salvadoran colón
21
Q

Honduras

A
  • Central America
  • In habited by the Mayans
  • Bananas are the main export
  • Capital is Tegucigalpa
  • Currency Lempira
22
Q

Central America

A
  • Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama
  • The Panama Canal, which connects the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean, is very important to the region and the world.
23
Q

Costa Rica

A
  • Central America
  • Economy based mainly on agriculture and fishing
  • Coffee, bananas, pineapple, and cocoa are exported
  • The capital is San José
  • Currency is the Costa Rican colón.
24
Q

Give some political and economic facts about Spain today

A
  • Democracy under a parliamentary constitution
    monarchy
  • Member of the European Union
  • Currency is the euro
  • Capital is Madrid
  • Important cities: Barcelona, Bilbao, Valencia,
    Seville, and Zaragoza
  • Roman Catholic
  • Tourism is the main source of income

Cultural Understanding (3 decks)

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