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Mpharm Y2S1 > Counter Prescribing > Flashcards

Counter Prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of scabies?

A

Intense generalized itch that is usually worse at night
Erythematous papules found on the periumbilical area, waist, genitalia, breasts, buttocks, axillary folds, fingers (including interdigital spaces), wrists, and extensor aspects of the limbs.
The back is often not involved, and the head is spared, except in children.
Palms and soles are also affected in the elderly and in infants and young children.
The papules are small and are often excoriated with haemorrhagic crusts on top.
Thin brown grey line of burrows
Recent onset of itchy rash in family

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2
Q

How to test for scabies?

A

Ink burrow test
Back or blue ink is applied to the suspected papule and then wiped off with alcohol to remove surface ink. If the person has scabies, a dark zigzagged line running across and away from the lesion appears, due to ink tracking down the mite burrow.

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3
Q

What could be alternative diagnosis’ instead of scabies?

A

Pubic/ head lice
Insect bites
Other dermalogical conditions e.g contact dermatitis

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4
Q

What is the treatment for scabies and give details:

A

Permethrin 5% cream
Under two years refer, not suitable for 2 months or under
Apply once a week for two weeks, everyone in the household
All over body apart from head/face for adults (elderly and children all over)
Wash off after 8/12 hours, if wash hands apply again
Apply to cool dry skin, NOT after bath/shower
Wash bedding and clothes 50ºC or more

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of eczema?

A

Itchy
Dryness
On hands and flextures
Episodic
Atopic history
Starts when younger

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6
Q

What could be alternative diagnosis’ instead of eczema?

A

Psoriasis- silvery scales
Fungal infection
Seborrhoeic dermatitis- greasy scales

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7
Q

What is the treatment of eczema and give details:

A

Emollients- apply liberally and as frequently as needed, especially after bath/ shower and down with hair growth
Topical corticosteroids- thinly using fingertip units to affected area, short term use
Apply 30 mins after emollient

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8
Q

What are the symptoms in contact dermatitis?

A

Erythema and vesiculation — dryness, scaling and bullae may also be present
Irritant- stinging, burning, dryness, tightness and chapping on places had contact
Allergic- main one is itching on different places to contact

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9
Q

What are the treatment for contact dermatitis and describe:

A

Avoidance, can take a while 8-12 weeks
Can also use emollients to help with rehydration of skin barrier

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of oral herpes simplex 1?

A

Pain, burning, tingling, itching, and paraesthesia
This can be from 6-48 hours before crops appear (precede lesion)
Crops of vesicles that rupture, leaving superficial ulcers that crust over and heal

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11
Q

What could be an alternative diagnosis of cold sores?

A

Impetigo- yellow crusting (bacterial)

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12
Q

What is the treatment for coldsores and describe:

A

Aciclovir
Most effective when applied at initial onset of symptoms (5 days)
Blistex to dry up the sore
Compeed patches to reduce spread

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Discomfort which may be described as ‘grittiness’, ‘foreign body’ or ‘burning
Purulent or mucopurulent discharge with crusting of the lids which may be stuck together on waking.

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14
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis and describe:

A

Chloramphenicol
One drop 3-4 times a day to infected eyes

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Itchy
Red eye
Watery discharge
Associated with other allergies and in the right season

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16
Q

What is the treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Sodium cromligate eye drops
Apply 4 times a day

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17
Q

What is the treatment for threadworm?

A

Mebendazole

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18
Q

Describe a Bulla lesion:

A

Large blisters with clear fluid

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19
Q

Describe a Macule lesion:

A

Well defined mark on skin, flat, not raised

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20
Q

Describe a Papule lesion:

A

Small, raised lesion

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21
Q

Describe a Nodule lesion:

A

Large, raised lesion (papule)

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22
Q

Describe a Petechia lesion:

A

Purple, red or brown round spots, due to bleeding

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23
Q

Describe a Pustule lesion:

A

Small blister containing pus

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24
Q

Describe a Vesicle lesion:

A

Small blister containing serum

25
Q

Describe what causes Roseola Infantum, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Viral
Aerosols in mouth, nose
5-15 days

26
Q

Describe the rash in Roseola Infantum:

A

Pink/ red spots, patches, or bumps
Starts on chest, tummy and back
Spreads to face, neck, and arms
Not itchy

27
Q

Describe the other symptoms in Roseola Infantum:

A

High temperature
Cold like symptoms
Swollen eyelids and neck glands
Loss of appetite

28
Q

Describe the treatment for Roseola Infantum:

A

No treatment just pain relief
Common in babies and toddlers
Most contagious stage is high temperature so can attend nursery after temperature has passed

29
Q

Describe what causes Glandular Fever, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Viral
Saliva
1-2 months

30
Q

Describe the rash in Glandular Fever:

A

Maculopapular rash (small flat lesions slightly raised)
Pink/ red flat spots
Mainly on trunk, can extend to rest of body

31
Q

Describe the other symptoms in Glandular Fever:

A

High temperature
Sore throat
Swollen glands
Tiredness/ exhaustion

32
Q

Describe the treatment for Glandular Fever:

A

No treatment just pain relief
Avoid alcohol as liver is already weak
Can go to workplace after feeling better
Do not take penicillin- causes rash after

33
Q

Describe what causes Chicken Pox, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Viral
Droplets in resp tract and contact to lesions
10-24 days

34
Q

Describe the rash in Chicken Pox:

A

Small, itchy vesicles surrounded by redness
Mainly on trunk rather than limbs and face

35
Q

Describe the other symptoms in Chicken Pox:

A

Nausea
Headache
Fever
Malaise
Loss of appetite

36
Q

Describe the treatment for Chicken Pox:

A

No therapy
Just pain relief, NOT ibuprofen antihistamines for itching and gels for soothing
Vaccine for high risk patients
Stay off work/ school until vesicles have crusted over

37
Q

Which way round is it that you can catch chicken pox from shingles or the other way around?

A

Can catch chicken pox from someone with shingles but not the other way around

38
Q

Describe what causes Shingles, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Virus
From chicken pox
14-16 days

39
Q

Describe the rash in Shingles:

A

Macular at first (Flat at first) then forming pustules and vesicles
Upper abdomen or chest, trunk and back
Doesn’t cross the midline- only stays on one side of the body

40
Q

Describe the other symptoms in shingles:

A

Fever
Malaise

41
Q

Describe the treatment for shingles:

A

Antivirals: acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir
Shingles vaccine for over 70s
Antiviral medication can be efficacious if in the first three days
Only other time to refer is if rash within the first week and they are in severe pain, immunocompromised
Maybe co- codomol for nerve pain
Don’t go near pregnant people and people who haven’t had chicken pox e.g babies
With shingles can be left with pain

42
Q

Describe what causes German Measles (Rubella), how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Virus
Aerosols
1 week

43
Q

Describe the rash in German Measles (Rubella):

A

Spotty rash starting on face and ears, spreads to neck and body

44
Q

Describe the other symptoms in German Measles (Rubella):

A

Swollen glands
Aching joints
High temperature
Coughs/ sore throats

45
Q

Describe the treatment for German Measles (Rubella):

A

No treatment but MMR vaccine for prevention
Stay off work or school five days after rash appears
Contact health protection team

46
Q

Describe what causes Measles, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Virus
Droplet infection
7- 14 days

47
Q

Describe the rash in Measles:

A

Flat red spots found on face and trunk
Can join together under chin

48
Q

Describe the other symptoms in Measles:

A

Fever
URTI
White spots behind mouth
Red, sore watery eyes

49
Q

Describe the treatment for Measles:

A

No treatment but MMR vaccine for prevention
4 days off after rash appears
Contact health protection team

50
Q

Describe what causes Slapped Cheek Syndrome, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Virus
Aerosols
4-14 days

51
Q

Describe the rash in Slapped Cheek Syndrome:

A

Bright red rash on cheeks
Can go down to neck looking like a spider web

52
Q

Describe the other symptoms in Slapped Cheek Syndrome:

A

High temperature
Runny nose
Sore throat
Malaise

53
Q

Describe the treatment for Slapped Cheek Syndrome:

A

No therapy
Just pain relief, antihistamines for itching
Don’t need to stay off school/ work

54
Q

Describe what causes Mumps, how its spread and the incubation period:

A

Virus
Droplets, aerosols direct saliva contact
12-25 days

55
Q

Describe the rash in Mumps:

A

Flat, red rash on face
Eventually spreading to body

56
Q

Describe the other symptoms in Mumps:

A

Swelling of paratoid glands
Headache
Joint pain
Fever
Nauseous

57
Q

Describe the treatment for Mumps:

A

No treatment but MMR vaccine for prevention
Notify the health protection team
Can go back to work after 5 days from initial symptoms

58
Q

Describe Impetigo and its treatments:

A

Bacterial infection
Yellow crusting, stay off school until it has crusted over, highly infectious
Doctors for Fusidic acid or oral flucoxiciilin

59
Q

Describe the rash in meningitis and how would you determine it is meningitis:

A

Small, red pinpricks before spreading quickly and turning into red or purple blotches
Glass test- make sure skin goes white when pushing glass over it, it doesn’t if its meningitis

Mpharm Y2S1 (12 decks)

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