Counseling and Helping Relationships Flashcards
B. F. Skinner believed that punishment was…
better used as a last option in behavior modification
A counselor is focusing on social skills training with a client with schizophrenia to improve their ability to function socially. The counselor’s utilizing shaping to reinforce teaching. Shaping is best described as…
rewarding improvement steps toward the target behavior goal
Who developed the social distance scale?
Emory Bogardus
What is the social distance scale?
asks an individual to agree or disagree with a number of statements about a particular group; looks at factors such as intimacy, warmth, hostility, and indifference; measures a person’s willingness to connect socially with different groups depending upon their social closeness to someone from that group
Who theorized about primary narcissism?
Freud
Freud talked about “primary narcissism” as…
a time when, as infants, individuals are unable to differentiate between self and others
What kind of model is associated with Bergan?
behavioral consultation model
The counselor’s working with a client who has just been admitted to a rehab facility for treatment of alcohol addiction. Within how many hours is the client likely to begin exhibiting signs of withdrawal?
8 hours
Signs of withdrawal?
usually within 8 hours
tremors, abdominal cramping, anorexia, general weakness, nausea and vomiting, excessive sweating, irritability, mood swings, and depression
Withdrawal?
usually within 24 hours
in addition to stage 1 symptoms, increased anxiety and mood swings, increased blood pressure and the respiratory rate, urinary and fecal incontinence, muscle rigidity, and teeth clenching
Severe withdrawal?
varies from 12 hours up to 14 days
extreme confusion with hallucinations, severe agitation, seizure, and life-threatening delirium tremens with circulatory collapse and death
What would G. L. Harrington or William Glasser most likely say regarding transference?
it impeded progress and need not occur if the therapist is genuine
What would Erich Fromm have said about religion?
it may inhibit healthy growth and development as well as used to encourage warfare; it’s fine to have religious faith and experience
What did Erich Fromm believe?
family, politics, or any other form of authoritative power can destroy an individual’s potential
Albert Bandura’s best-known research was his:
Bobo doll study: involved showing a group of children a film of a woman beating and shouting angrily at a Bobo doll, children were then allowed to play in a room with a Bobo doll in it and they would interact with the doll which turned out to be in an aggressive manner as modeled for them in the film
As of the 21st century, the number of certified and licensed counselors in the U.S. is close to _____
1,000,000
What idea is Francis Galton known for?
inherited intellectual abilities
What are the 5 fundamental psychological needs according to William Glasser’s choice theory?
survival: paid little attention to unless threatened
love and belonging: universal basic need for acceptance
power/recognition: individual goals that people have and the need to achieve those goals on some level
freedom: ties into our sense of fair play and need to have a choice in our lives
fun: ultimate goal for pleasure
According to Albert Bandura, observational learning happens primarily through…
cognition
Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening with her parents or spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either choice. This situation describes an:
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Daniel Levinson’s work has been criticized as being too limited because…
his samples used for research and data collection were limiting
Raymond Cattell’s “factor analysis” theory refers to 3 types of traits:
source, surface, and unique
A client diagnosed with schizophrenia was admitted to inpatient hospitalization program and is now ready for discharge. He’s responded well to medication and group therapy and is no longer a threat to himself. However, he continues to need assistance with treating avolition and anhedonia. Which level of care would best meet his current needs?
partial hospitalization
What is avolition?
lack of initiative
What is anhedonia?
loss of pleasure
Emotion-focused coping is…
less effective overall than problem-focused coping
A client’s been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. Which therapeutic approach is generally recommended?
psychotherapy (talk therapy)
