Coughing In Horses 1 Flashcards
What causes URT disease in foals?
EHV 1 + 4
Equine influenza
Streptococcus equi equi
What causes LRT disease in foals and weanlings?
EHV 1+4 Equine influenza Undifferentiated respiratory tract infection Rhodococcus equi Strep equi equi Parascaris equorum
Which pathogens only cause LRT disease?
Undifferentiated resp tract infection
Rhodococcus equi
Parascaris equorum
What causes Undifferentiated Bacterial Pneumonia?
Strep zooepidemicus
Actinobacillus, Klebsiella, Staph aureus, Bordatella, Mycoplasma
What should you target with antibiotic therapy in cases of UBP?
Streps
What clinical signs are associated with undifferentiated bacterial pneumonia?
What would you NOT expect to see?
Auscultable changes
Mild pyrexia
Cough
URT signs
How can you investigate UBP?
History and clinical signs
Diagnostics:
Endoscopy
BAL/tracheal aspirate —> cytology + bacteriology
Bronchointerstitial pattern on rads
What on cytology would indicate a bacterial infection/
Intracellular bacteria
What treatment options are there for UBP?
Antibiotics
Rest
Dust free environment
How should you approach antibiotic therapy against UBP?
Initially treat for streps
Then change based on C+S
Why is a dust free environment important for patients with UBP?
Once the airways have become inflamed, they will become hyper responsive.
Describe the general pathogenesis of a pathogen affecting both the upper and lower respiratory tract?
URT signs progressing to LRT after a few days
What causes URT dz in adult horses?
Equine influenza EHV 1+4 Equine viral arteritis Equine rhinitis virus Strep equi equi
What pathogens cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adult horses?
Equine flu EHV 1+4 EVA ERV Strep equi equi
What ONLY causes LRT dz in adult horses?
Strep zooepidemicus
Strep pneumoniae
Pasteurella/ actinobacillus
What horses mainly get URT dz?
Less common
Mainly in younger animals (1-2 years)
What type of pathogen is a more common cause of LRT dz?
Bacteria
Or
Bacteria and virus in combination
Describe the common pathogenesis of LRT dz
Virus damage airways resulting in reduced defence and secondary bacterial infection
What clinical signs are associated with URT dz?
Fever
Nasal discharge
Coughing
Enlarged submandibular LNs
What clinical signs are associated with LRT dz?
\+/- Fever \+/- Nasal discharge Coughing Mucoid tracheal secretion Poor performance May be sub-clinical
How is equine influenza SPREAD?
Inhalation
Describe the pathogenesis of equine influenza
URT + LRT
Loss of ciliated epithelium and secondary bacterial infection
Why would you not perform virus isolation from blood in suspected equine influenza cases?
Doesn’t go from resp tract into blood
How can you isolate EIV ?
Tracheal wash / BAL
