corticosteroids/meds to manage diabetes

Question 1

Too much inflammation after tapering off from corticosteroids would indicate what?

Answer 1

steroid dependant

Question 2

This is a complex defence mechanism that includes major vasodilation, leukocyte attraction to the site, increased fluid (edema), heat, pain, redness, REEDA.

Answer 2

inflammatory response

Question 3

What are the 3 main roles of prostaglandins?

Answer 3

Events leading to inflammation, production of pain and fever, blood clotting

Question 4

If a patient is taking a medication that has a role in inhibiting prostaglandins, they are more at risk for increased clotting or increased bleeding.

Answer 4

increased bleeding

Question 5

The main action of this medication is to inhibit prostaglandin action by blocking COX.-

Answer 5

NSAIDs

Question 6

Which medication is a popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Answer 6

ibuprofren

Question 7

The properties of this medication include anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic.

Answer 7

NSAIDS- ibuprofen

Question 8

Overexpression side effects of this medication are GI- upset, Renal side effects, and bleeding.

Answer 8

ibuprofen

Question 9

corticosteroids is an umbrella term that includes?

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

Question 10

what is the order of the HPA axis to release corticosteroids?

Answer 10

hypothalamus–> anterior pituitary–>ACTH –> adrenal glands–> corticosteroids

Question 11

Powerful metabolic effects/stress response, glucose metabolism, reduce inflammation, suppression of the immune system, influence sleep pattern and mood, decrease bone formation and increase bone breakdown, increase calcium excretion, and lipogenesis are the effects of which corticosteroid?

Answer 11

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 12

Retention of sodium and water, excretion of potassium; essential for the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and blood volume are the effect of which corticosteroids?-

Answer 12

mineralcorticoids- aldosterone

Question 13

this medication (or class of) acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant

Answer 13

corticosteroid (prednisone)

Question 14

this medication has mainly glucocorticoid properties with minimal mineralocorticoid activity. Mostly used as an anti-inflammatory and modifies the immune response

Answer 14

corticosteroid- prednisone

Question 15

Even though this medication has some benefits it also has many overexpression side effects including osteoporosis, insomnia, mood changes, weight gain, over-suppression of the immune system(infection), increased bleeding, GI upset, GI ulcers, skin breakdown, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia/diabetes, hypertension, hypernatremia and hypokalemia

Answer 15

corticosteroid

Question 16

What should nurses consider when administering corticosteroids to a client?

Answer 16

to be given in AM and with meals

Question 17

When taking this medication it is important to taper the dose for long-term use to allow the adrenal glands to slowly regain control of their function

Answer 17

corticosteroids

Question 18

beta cells release what to lower blood glucose

Answer 18

insulin

Question 19

alpha cells release what to increase blood glucose

Answer 19

glucagon

Question 20

the action of this medication is to facilitate the transfer of glucose into cells for cellular metabolism- help bring glucose into the cell and out of the bloodstream to prevent hyperglycemia. it also promotes storage of glucose as glycogen and inhibits gluconeogenesis

Answer 20

insulin

Question 21

this mechanism happens due to no insulin, an insufficient amount of insulin, excess glucose produces or not enough stored, not enough receptors, or resistant receptors.

Answer 21

poor glucose control

Question 22

prandial insulin stands for what

Answer 22

with meals; rapid or short actin

Question 23

this medication stimulates beta cells to release insulin.

Answer 23

Sulfonylurea (glyburide)

Question 24

the primary action of this medication is to encourage the liver to store more glucose and release less and try to make the receptors more sensitive to insulin. side effects are GI related, nephrotoxicity

Answer 24

Biguanide (Metformin)

Question 25

Metformin and Glyburide are both…

Answer 25

oral antihyperglycemics

Question 26

this medication is used in an emergency to manage hypoglycemia when oral intake is inappropriate or not possible

Answer 26

Glucagon- antihyperglycemic agent

Question 27

the action of this medication is to increase serum glucose; encourage glycolysis

Answer 27

glucagon

Question 28

onset of this insulin is 15-30mins, peak is 1-3hrs and duration is 3-5hrs.

Answer 28

rapid acting- humalog

Question 29

insulin with onset of 30 mins, peak of 3 hrs, and duration of 8 hrs.

Answer 29

Humulin R- Short acting

Question 30

considered basal insulin with an onset of 3-4hrs and no peak

Answer 30

Long-acting- Lantus, levemir