corticosteroids/meds to manage diabetes Flashcards
Too much inflammation after tapering off from corticosteroids would indicate what?
steroid dependant
This is a complex defence mechanism that includes major vasodilation, leukocyte attraction to the site, increased fluid (edema), heat, pain, redness, REEDA.
inflammatory response
What are the 3 main roles of prostaglandins?
Events leading to inflammation, production of pain and fever, blood clotting
If a patient is taking a medication that has a role in inhibiting prostaglandins, they are more at risk for increased clotting or increased bleeding.
increased bleeding
The main action of this medication is to inhibit prostaglandin action by blocking COX.-
NSAIDs
Which medication is a popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ibuprofren
The properties of this medication include anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic.
NSAIDS- ibuprofen
Overexpression side effects of this medication are GI- upset, Renal side effects, and bleeding.
ibuprofen
corticosteroids is an umbrella term that includes?
Glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids
what is the order of the HPA axis to release corticosteroids?
hypothalamus–> anterior pituitary–>ACTH –> adrenal glands–> corticosteroids
Powerful metabolic effects/stress response, glucose metabolism, reduce inflammation, suppression of the immune system, influence sleep pattern and mood, decrease bone formation and increase bone breakdown, increase calcium excretion, and lipogenesis are the effects of which corticosteroid?
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Retention of sodium and water, excretion of potassium; essential for the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and blood volume are the effect of which corticosteroids?-
mineralcorticoids- aldosterone
this medication (or class of) acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant
corticosteroid (prednisone)
this medication has mainly glucocorticoid properties with minimal mineralocorticoid activity. Mostly used as an anti-inflammatory and modifies the immune response
corticosteroid- prednisone
Even though this medication has some benefits it also has many overexpression side effects including osteoporosis, insomnia, mood changes, weight gain, over-suppression of the immune system(infection), increased bleeding, GI upset, GI ulcers, skin breakdown, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia/diabetes, hypertension, hypernatremia and hypokalemia
corticosteroid
What should nurses consider when administering corticosteroids to a client?
to be given in AM and with meals
When taking this medication it is important to taper the dose for long-term use to allow the adrenal glands to slowly regain control of their function
corticosteroids
beta cells release what to lower blood glucose
insulin
alpha cells release what to increase blood glucose
glucagon
the action of this medication is to facilitate the transfer of glucose into cells for cellular metabolism- help bring glucose into the cell and out of the bloodstream to prevent hyperglycemia. it also promotes storage of glucose as glycogen and inhibits gluconeogenesis
insulin
this mechanism happens due to no insulin, an insufficient amount of insulin, excess glucose produces or not enough stored, not enough receptors, or resistant receptors.
poor glucose control
prandial insulin stands for what
with meals; rapid or short actin
this medication stimulates beta cells to release insulin.
Sulfonylurea (glyburide)
the primary action of this medication is to encourage the liver to store more glucose and release less and try to make the receptors more sensitive to insulin. side effects are GI related, nephrotoxicity
Biguanide (Metformin)
