Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Corticosteroids > Flashcards

Corticosteroids Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus

A

produces hormones (Corticotropin releasing hormone)
regulates body temperature
daily physiological cycles- melatonin and cortisol
control appetite
manages sexual behavior
managing emotional responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of Anterior Pituitary

A 
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
leutinizing hormone
growth hormone
prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

zona fasiculata

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

zona reticularis

A

sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

norephinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Actions of Cortisol

A

carbohydrate metabolism
increases protein catabolism
inhibits insulin from shuttling into cells
mobilized free fatty acids
suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
suppress immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cortisol is also known as

A

hydrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cortisol Levels synthesized goverened by

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Max Cortisol concentrations

A

around 8am

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Minimal cortisol concentrations

A

around midnight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stress induced changes in cortisol levels include

A

superimposed on baseline cortisol

normal production is 15-30mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cortisol levels the day of a minor surgery

A

up to 50mg/day

returns to baseline within 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cortisol levels the day of moderate procedures

A

up to 75-100mg/day

returns to baseline by day 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cortisol levels the day of major procedure

A

up to 200mg/day

usually returns to baseline by day 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of Cushing Syndrome include

A 
personality changes
hyperglycemia
moon face
CNS irritability
increase susceptilibilty to infection
NA/Fluid retention
thin extremities
fat deposits on back
gynecomastia
GI distress increase acid
amenrrhea
hirsutism
purple stria
bruises and petechiae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cushing Syndrome causes

A 
overuse of corticosteroids
adrenal gland abnormality or tumor
tumors of the pit gland
familial cushing syndrome
ectopic adrenocorticotopic hormone (ACTH) releasing tumors in the lungs, pancreas,   thyroid gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

destruction of all cortical zones

Autoimmune destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

A

TBI
Ischemic/hemorrhagic lesions of hypothalamic-pituitary axis
chronic glucocorticoid treatment (3-4 weeks)
topical administeration such as aerosols for asthma and COPD or creams used for skin problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adrenal Crisis

A 
hypotension
acute abdominal symptoms
N/V
Altered mental state
fatigue
fever
lab abnormalities (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, rarely hypercalcemia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Causes of adrenal crisis

A

interruption of glucocorticoid intake, infections, surgery, gastroenteritis, stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Absolute HTN

A

SBP <100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Relative HTN

A

SBP reduction greater then 20mmHG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mineralcorticosteroids

A

reabsorption of Na in exchange for K in renal distal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Glucocorticoid effect

A

anti-inflammatory effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MOA mineralcorticosteroids

A

stimulates changes in transcription of 456 DNA

synthesis of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

MOA of glucocorticosteroids

A

target cell enzymes
11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
cortisol to cortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PK of corticosteroids

A

antacids interfere with oral absorption
highly protein bound
readily crosses the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Elimination 1/2 of cortisol

A

1.5-3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Metabolism of corticosteroid

A

70% conjugated in liver to inactive/poorly active metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Clinical uses of Corticosteroids

A 
antiemetic
anaglesia
asthma
cerebal edema
adrenal insufficiency
immunosuppression
larygneal edema
regional blocks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

hydrocortisone

A

cortisol

short acting

34
Q

prednisolone

A

sole replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency

35
Q

prednisone

A

rapidly converted to prednisolone after absorption from GI tract

36
Q

methylprednisolone

A

used to produce intense glucocorticoid effect

37
Q

Cortisol Dose

38
Q

DOA of cortisol

39
Q

Cortison Dose

40
Q

DOA of Cortisone

41
Q

Elimination 1/2 Time of Cortisone

42
Q

Prednisolone Dose

43
Q

Prednisolone Elimination 1/2 Time

44
Q

Prednisolone Duration of Action

45
Q

Prednisone Dose

46
Q

Prednisone DOA

47
Q

Prednisone Elimination 1/2 time

48
Q

Methyprednisolone Dose

49
Q

Methylprednisolone Elimination 1/2 time

50
Q

DOA Methylprednisolone

51
Q

Dexamethasone Antiinflammatory Potency

52
Q

Dexamethasone Dose

53
Q

Dexamethasone Elimination Half Time

54
Q

Dexamethasone DOA

55
Q

Enzyme Inhibition

A

ketoconazole
fluconazole
etomidate
metapyrone

56
Q

Accelerate Metabolism

A

phenytoin
rifampin
phenobarbital
ephedrine

57
Q

Side Effects of Chronic Usage

A 
HPA Axis Suppression
Corticosteroid Supplementation
Electrolyte and Metabolic changes
CNS dysfunction
peptic ulcer disease
skeletal muscle myopathy
58
Q

Side effects of Acute uses

A 
hyperglycemia
delayed wound healing
infection
cancer recurrence
CNS disturbances
GI disturbances
affects on sugamedex
59
Q

When do you replace steroids perioperatively?

A

pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids greater then 5mg of prednisone/day
the period of treatment with corticosteroids was for 2-3 weeks or longer
the treatment occured during the immediate 12 month before surgery

60
Q

Minor Surgery patient will receive

A

25mg IV hydrocortisone

61
Q

Moderate surgery patient will receive

A

50-75 mg IV of hydrocortisone, taper over 1-2 days

62
Q

major surgery patient will receive

A

100-150mg IV hydrocortisone taper 1-2 days

63
Q

Covid 19 Considerations

A 
severly ill
supplemental O2/ventilator
dexamethasone dose: 6mg for 10 days
equivalent doses
not recommended for preventative or mild to moderate cases
64
Q

Protein Binding of Dexamethasone

65
Q

Bioavailability of Dexamethasone

66
Q

Metabolism of Dexamethasone

67
Q

Excretion of Dexamethasone

68
Q

Elimination 1/2 life of Dexamethasone

A

36-54 hours

69
Q

Dexamethasone Dose for PONV

A

4-10mg

peds: 0.2-0.5mg/kg

70
Q

Onset of dexamethasone

71
Q

Peak of dexamethasone

72
Q

Metabolism of dexamethasone

A

hepatic (no adjustment needed for renal or liver failure)

73
Q

Half life of Dexamethasone

74
Q

DOA of Dexamethasone

75
Q

C/A of dexamethasone

A

uncontrolled infections, known hypersensitivity, cerebral malaria, systemic fungal infection, concurrent treatment with live virus vaccine

76
Q

Relative C/A of dexamethasone

A

diabetic patients

77
Q

Dose of Methylprednisone for PONV

78
Q

Protein Binding of Methylprednisone

79
Q

Metabolism of Methylprednisone

A

kidney, tissues and liver

80
Q

Half life of methylprednisone

A

18-26 hours

81
Q

Excretion of Methylprednisone

Pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions