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Neuroscience1 > Corticospinal tract > Flashcards

Corticospinal tract Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of primary cells in corticospinal tract

A
  • area 4- primary motor cortex
  • area 6- premotor region
  • area 8- frontal eye lids
  • area 3,1,2- primary somatosensory cortex
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2
Q

Sequence of travel through brain and brainstem- Corticospinal tract

A
  • corona radiata
  • posterior limb of internal capsule
  • cerebral peduncles
  • corticopspinal fibers of ventral pons
  • pyramids
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3
Q

Corticospinal tract fibers terminate on

A

primarily interneurons

  • majority cervical region (55%)
  • throacic (20%)
  • lumbrosacral (25%)
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4
Q

Internerons in corticospinal tract excite/inhibit

A

lower motor neurons (ventral horn)

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5
Q

Alpha motor neurons

A

activate extrafusal muscle fibers for volitional movements

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6
Q

Gamma motor neurons

A

innervate the intrafusual muscle fibers of the muscle spindle

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7
Q

Primary cells of corticoreticulospinal pathway

A

supplementary motor and lateral premotor areas

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8
Q

Pathway of corticoreticulospinal tract

A
  • descend along corticospinal fibers
  • synapse bilaterally at pontine and medullary reticular formation
  • descend to synapse on ventral horn of LMN pool
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9
Q

Corticoreticulospinal tract function

A
  • premotor/secondary motor areas- fractionated movement
  • reticulospinal fibers- initiates complementary activation of axial and proximal limb musculature for fractionated movement
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10
Q

Fractionated movement

A

volitional fine motor control of distal extremities

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11
Q

Pontine (medial) reticulospinal pathway

A

UMN; primarily ipsilateral

  • facilitory to axial and limb musculature, especially extensors
  • works w/ medial vestibulospinal tract
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12
Q

Medullary (lateral) reticulospinal pathway

A

UMN; bilateral (greater ipsilateral)

-facilitory to flexor and inhibitory to axial and limb extensor musculature

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13
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal pathway

A

UMN; ipsilateral

-excitatory on extensors of lower extremity, inhibits flexor

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14
Q

Medial vestibulospinal pathway

A

UMN; projects bilaterally to cervical and upper thoracic levels

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15
Q

Tectospinal pathway

A

UMN; descends only to cervical levels and coordinates neck movement towards a stimulus

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16
Q

Rubrospinal pathway

A

UMN; contralateral and functions mostly at cervical level

-flexor activation of upper extremity, primarily distal musculature, helps w/ fractioned movements

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17
Q

Medial activation pathway function

A

postural movements and actvities

18
Q

Medial activation pathway location and pathways

A

located in anterior funiculus

includes: anterior corticospinal, medial reticulospinal, medial and lateral vestibulospinal and tectospinal pathways

19
Q

Lateral activation pathway function

A

distal limb musculature and fractioned movement

20
Q

Lateral activation pathway location and pathways

A

located in lateral funiculus

includes: lateral corticospinal, rubrospinal and lateral reticulospinal pathways

21
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex pathway

A

sends axons caudally through lateral corticospinal pathway and terminates in dorsal horn

22
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex function

A

feedback mechanism that integrates cortical understanding of sensation with incoming sensory information

23
Q

Raphespinal and cerulospinal pathway function

A

modify afferent sensory info at the dorsal horn level

24
Q

Spinomesencephalic and spinoreticular pathways function

A

activate a number of reticular system components, modulates incoming pain stimuli

25
Q

Corticobulbar tract

A

all motor components of cranial nerves receives bilateral input
more on this??

26
Q

Lower motor neuron

A

located in the ventral horn or in a cranial nerve motor nucleus, innervates motor units of skeletal muscle (peripheral nerves)

27
Q

Symptoms of LMN lesion

A
  • flaccid paralysis (atonia or hypotonia)
  • Areflexia or hyporeflexia
  • muscle atrophy
  • fasciculations (irritability of nerve) and fibrillations (muscles lose connection to a nerve)
28
Q

Upper motor neuron

A

cell bodies located at suprasegmental levels of the CNS, ends in ventral horn or cranial nerve motor nucleus, synapse on interneurons or motor neurons

29
Q

Symptoms of UMN lesion

A
  • initial flaccid paralysis
  • abnormal cutaneous reflexes (Babinski sign)
  • abnormal reflexes (clonus, clasp knife)
  • spasticity- velocity dependent hypertonia
  • abnormal timing of muscle activation
  • paresis or plegia
30
Q

Paralysis

A

total loss of motor function

31
Q

Plegia

A

a loss of activation of voluntary motor activity

32
Q

paresis

A

weakness (can be caused by small strokes)

33
Q

Brown-sequard syndrome

A

lesion of hemisection of the spinal cord

34
Q

Syringomyelia

A

lesion caused by cavication of the central canal that encroaches on the anterior white commissure and ventral horns

35
Q

Syringomyelia effects

A

effects LMN of axial then appendicular musculature

36
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

disease that attacks LMN in ventral horn or cranial nerve nuclei

37
Q

Poliomyelitis symptoms

A

flu like symptoms and weakness (flaccid) of muscles and fasciculations

38
Q

Effect of post polio syndrome

A

clinical concern due to overuse of intact motor units

39
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

chronic and progressive disease of unknown origin, slow onset

40
Q

ALS effect

A

destroys LMN in ventral horn and brainstem nuclei, white matter pathways

41
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

multifocal disease, auto immune attack on myelin that develops in spinal cord, brainstem, optic nerve

42
Q

Multiple sclerosis effects

A

effects UMN, central myelinated pathways, sensory pathways

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