Corticospinal Tract

Question 1

What kind of information do interneurons receives.

Answer 1

Interneurons are integrators, they receive both motor and sensory information from periphery.

Question 2

What are Local Pattern Generator

Answer 2

Interneurons or Group of neurons responsible for generating rhythmic and coordinated motor patterns, particularly in the context of locomotion and repetitive movements

Question 3

Site three main descending pathways receiving inputs from the cortex.

Answer 3

Rubrospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal pathways.

Question 4

How do the rubrospinal, reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tract mediate the motor command ?

Answer 4

Through the extra-pyramidal tractus or through locomotor mesencephalic region.

Question 5

In which regions involved in locomotor control does the fifth layer of the SMC projects ? (4)

Answer 5

Striatum - Red Nucleus - Reticulate formatio nuclei and pontine nuclei.

Question 6

Which are the main pathways in rodents through which the motor command is modulated ?

Answer 6

Cortico-Rubrospinal, Cortico-Reticulospinal, Red nucleus and reticular formation.

Question 7

When are cortico-cervical neurons active ?

Answer 7

During the skilled movement.

Question 8

What is the main function of the sensory control made by the CST ?

Answer 8

Ensuring the movement can follow the expected trajectory.

Question 9

What are the two main hypothesis concerning the transfert of the motor command by the CLT ?

Answer 9

Through anterior spinal cord (propriospinal neurons) or through supraspinal level.

Question 10

What is the function of V2A interneurons of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the reticular formation ?

Answer 10

Regulate speed, locomotion, mvt orientation.

Question 11

What are Granular neurons ? In which layer of the cortex can you find them ?

Answer 11

Excitatory stellate neurons, they amplify and distribute thalamo-cortical input throughout the column.

You can find them in layer four of the cortex.

Question 12

Define what is “sensory gating”

Answer 12

Inhibition of sensory information at different stage of the sensory pathway.

Question 13

What happens if PAD is supressed ?

Answer 13

Spasticity

Question 14

What part of the SC does CSN from the sensory cortices project to ? What about those from motor cortices ? (in the cat, primates and rodents, Ueno et al 2018)

Answer 14

Sensory-> Dorsal,
Motor -> Ventral.

Question 15

Do CST-Motorneuronal projection exists in rodents ?

Answer 15

Only in early postnatal rodents…

Question 16

Cite some INs targeted by the MOTOR cst.

Answer 16

Nkx2.2
Atoh1
Is11
Chat
En1
Chx10+

Mais surtout Chx10 et Is11.

Question 17

Cite some INs targeted by the SENSORY cst.

Answer 17

Vglut3 and Lmx1b also Ptf1a.

Question 18

What is the general principle of the use of AAV in this study ?

Answer 18

vector for delivering genetic material in host cells.

Question 19

Why is it important to understand the function of the CLT

Answer 19

Our understanding of how their impairments manifest in behavioral terms remains limited. The task of accurately gauging the extent of CST involvement in clinical studies involving mice continues to pose challenges.

Question 19

In what kind of disease can we observe damages within the corticospinal tract

Answer 19

SLA, anterior cord syndrome, central cord syndrome, parkinson disease

Question 20

Which neurons are impaired in SLA.

Answer 20

Upper motor neurons, motor neuron pathway and lower motor neurons.

Question 21

What fraction of SLA cases are inherited ?

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

What is the common mutation among SLA patients

Answer 22

C9Orf72 located on chromosome 9 in humans

Question 23

Site main aggregates in SLA

Answer 23

Dipeptide Repeat (DPR) Proteins
TDP-43