Cortical Lesions Flashcards
what are the 6 functions of the Frontal Lobe
Voluntary movement Language fluency (left) Motor prosody (right) Comportment Executive function Motivation
what are the 6 functions of the Parietal Lobe
Tactile sensation Visuospatial function (right) Attention (right) Reading (left) Writing (left) Calculation (left)
what are the 4 functions of the Temporal Lobe
Language comprehension (left)
Sensory prosody (right)
Memory
Emotion
what are the 3 functions of the Occipital Lobe
Vision
Visual perception
Visual recognition
three major nonlinguistic syndromes are disinhibition from ______ lesions, executive dysfunction from ________lesions, and apathy from ______lesions
orbitofrontal ,
dorsolateral prefrontal,
medial frontal
Disinhibition is a disorder of comportment, whereby a person can no longer adequately integrate limbic drives into an appropriate behavioral repertoire. sequelae include _______
Irritability, loss of empathy, impulsivity, hypersexuality, hyperphagia (excessive hunger and abnormally large intake of solids by mouth), violence
Executive function is a critical domain that involves the capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequential goal-directed action. A related and disabling deficit is _________, the failure to alter one’s actions in response to changing environmental stimuli
perseveration
Apathy is the loss of motivation, and more severe forms are known as ______ and _______
abulia,
akinetic mutism
______, which means diminished ability to comprehend the emotional inflection of speech, and is due to a lesion in the right hemisphere analogue of ________.
sensory aprosody,
Wernicke’s area
an analogous syndrome to Broca’s aphasia occurs with lesions of the right inferior frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere called _______,
motor aprosody.
motor aprosody refers to the inability to ________.
inflect speech with emotion.
basic emotions – influencing the flight or fight reaction, feeding, and sexuality – are mediated by the ______
limbic system
temporolimbic lesions affecting emotion are most often seen in patients with ________.
seizure disorders (epilepsy)
whats is hemineglect ?
the failure to report, respond to, or orient to sensory stimuli that cannot be explained by primary sensory dysfunction
hemineglect is much more common and persistent after _______ lesions
right hemisphere
Higher visual function also involves association areas situated anterior to the visual cortices: the ________ (“ventral stream” or “what” system) and __________ (“dorsal stream” or “where” system) cortices. These regions are important for attaching meaning to visual input, and damage to them produces various types of recognition deficits, collectively called
________.
occipitotemporal,
occipitoparietal ,
visual agnosia
In contrast to the absence of vision produced by a visual field deficit from an occipital lesion, visual agnosia means that the visual image is seen _____ but not adequately _______.
normally ,
recognized
object agnosia can result from ______
left occipitotemporal lesions
face agnosia or prosopagnosia can result from_____
right occipitotemporal
a failure to recognize the entirety of a visual array known as simultanagnosia results from ________.
bilateral occipitoparietal lesions
what is meant by Cortical Microconnectivity?
refers to the billions of cortical neurons that are extensively interconnected by trillions of synapses
what is meant by Cortical Macroconnectivity?
All cortical areas are extensively linked by white matter tracts with adjacent cortices, ipsilateral cortices, contralateral cortices, and subcortical structures
Lesions of the temporal lobe have minor effects on audition, but often major effects on ________.
language,
prosody,
memory,
and emotion
______is a common form of epilepsy, related to focal cortical lesions in the temporal lobe that produce complex partial seizures
temporal lobe epilepzy (TLE)
TLE can result in _________, is often seen with hyperreligiosity, philosophical interests, and hypergraphia
Deepened emotionality
The right hemisphere has the capacity to attend to both sides of space, whereas the left can only attend to the _______ space
contralateral
