Cortical Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 functions of the Frontal Lobe

A
Voluntary movement
Language fluency (left)
Motor prosody (right)
Comportment 
Executive function 
Motivation
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2
Q

what are the 6 functions of the Parietal Lobe

A
Tactile sensation
Visuospatial function (right)
Attention (right)
Reading (left)
Writing (left)
Calculation (left)
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3
Q

what are the 4 functions of the Temporal Lobe

A

Language comprehension (left)
Sensory prosody (right)
Memory
Emotion

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4
Q

what are the 3 functions of the Occipital Lobe

A

Vision
Visual perception
Visual recognition

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5
Q

three major nonlinguistic syndromes are disinhibition from ______ lesions, executive dysfunction from ________lesions, and apathy from ______lesions

A

orbitofrontal ,
dorsolateral prefrontal,
medial frontal

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6
Q

Disinhibition is a disorder of comportment, whereby a person can no longer adequately integrate limbic drives into an appropriate behavioral repertoire. sequelae include _______

A
Irritability, 
loss of empathy, 
impulsivity, 
hypersexuality, 
hyperphagia (excessive hunger and abnormally large intake of solids by mouth), 
violence
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7
Q

Executive function is a critical domain that involves the capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequential goal-directed action. A related and disabling deficit is _________, the failure to alter one’s actions in response to changing environmental stimuli

A

perseveration

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8
Q

Apathy is the loss of motivation, and more severe forms are known as ______ and _______

A

abulia,

akinetic mutism

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9
Q

______, which means diminished ability to comprehend the emotional inflection of speech, and is due to a lesion in the right hemisphere analogue of ________.

A

sensory aprosody,

Wernicke’s area

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10
Q

an analogous syndrome to Broca’s aphasia occurs with lesions of the right inferior frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere called _______,

A

motor aprosody.

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11
Q

motor aprosody refers to the inability to ________.

A

inflect speech with emotion.

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12
Q

basic emotions – influencing the flight or fight reaction, feeding, and sexuality – are mediated by the ______

A

limbic system

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13
Q

temporolimbic lesions affecting emotion are most often seen in patients with ________.

A

seizure disorders (epilepsy)

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14
Q

whats is hemineglect ?

A

the failure to report, respond to, or orient to sensory stimuli that cannot be explained by primary sensory dysfunction

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15
Q

hemineglect is much more common and persistent after _______ lesions

A

right hemisphere

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16
Q

Higher visual function also involves association areas situated anterior to the visual cortices: the ________ (“ventral stream” or “what” system) and __________ (“dorsal stream” or “where” system) cortices. These regions are important for attaching meaning to visual input, and damage to them produces various types of recognition deficits, collectively called
________.

A

occipitotemporal,
occipitoparietal ,
visual agnosia

17
Q

In contrast to the absence of vision produced by a visual field deficit from an occipital lesion, visual agnosia means that the visual image is seen _____ but not adequately _______.

A

normally ,

recognized

18
Q

object agnosia can result from ______

A

left occipitotemporal lesions

19
Q

face agnosia or prosopagnosia can result from_____

A

right occipitotemporal

20
Q

a failure to recognize the entirety of a visual array known as simultanagnosia results from ________.

A

bilateral occipitoparietal lesions

21
Q

what is meant by Cortical Microconnectivity?

A

refers to the billions of cortical neurons that are extensively interconnected by trillions of synapses

22
Q

what is meant by Cortical Macroconnectivity?

A

All cortical areas are extensively linked by white matter tracts with adjacent cortices, ipsilateral cortices, contralateral cortices, and subcortical structures

23
Q

Lesions of the temporal lobe have minor effects on audition, but often major effects on ________.

A

language,
prosody,
memory,
and emotion

24
Q

______is a common form of epilepsy, related to focal cortical lesions in the temporal lobe that produce complex partial seizures

A

temporal lobe epilepzy (TLE)

25
TLE can result in _________, is often seen with hyperreligiosity, philosophical interests, and hypergraphia
Deepened emotionality
26
The right hemisphere has the capacity to attend to both sides of space, whereas the left can only attend to the _______ space
contralateral