Basal Ganglia

Question 1

_____ of dopamine is in the basal ganglia

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

The basal ganglia are masses of cells (gray matter) at the base of the ______ . They are next to, but do not include, the ______.

Answer 2

cerebrum,

thalamus

Question 3

caudate (from Latin for tail – the nucleus has a long, progressively thinning tail) and putamen (Latin for shell) - together are called the _________.

Answer 3

neostriatum (“new striped” region) or striatum

Question 4

what are the 4 components of the basal ganglia

Answer 4

Striatum ( caudate and putamen)
globus paladis
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus

Question 5

unilateral defects in the basal ganglia are seen as _______ deficits in function.

Answer 5

contralateral

Question 6

globus pallidus interna is the major ______ nucleus of the basal ganglia

Answer 6

output

Question 7

describe the main circuit of the basal ganglia

Answer 7

cortical input to the striatum, then to the globus pallidus interna, out to the thalamus and from there, back to cortex

Question 8

what is Hemiballismus

Answer 8

characterized by flailing movements of the arm and leg on one side. due to damage of the subthalamic nucleus on one side (usually in the elderly)

Loss of excitation by the subthalamic nucleus reduces inhibitory outflow of globus pallidus so motor programs are inappropriately initiated through the disinhibited thalamus.