Cortical Function Flashcards
What functions does the right and left parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex perform?
(i) Processing of unimodal sensory modalities from the contralateral size.
(ii) Processing of multiple sensory modalities form the contralateral size.
RIGHT specifically
(i) Spatial awareness
LEFT Specifically
(i) Mathematics
(ii) Writing
(iii) Left - right orientation
(iv) Finger identification
What functions does the right parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex perform?
RIGHT specifically
(i) Spatial awareness
What functions does the left parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex perform?
LEFT Specifically
(i) Mathematics
(ii) Writing
(iii) Left - right orientation
(iv) Finger identification
What function does the occipital lobe have?
The occipital lobe is responsible to interpreting visual inputs from the contralateral visual field.
What functions does the temporal lobe have?
(i) both R & L sides (2)
(ii) L side only
(i) both R & L sides - processing auditory input from both ears & memory
(ii) L side only - language comprehension
What are the roles of the parietal lobe?
(i) R & L lobes
(ii) R lobe
(i) R & L lobes - processing of somatosensory information (unimodal & multimodal) from the contralateral side of the body.
(ii) R lobe - spatial awareness
(iii) L lobe - mathematics, writing, finger identification & L/R orientation.
Label the following diagram of the functional areas of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
What is the role of Broca’s area?
Broca’s area is responsible for planning and executing speech.
Broca’s area is located in the frontal lobe, posterior aspect of the inferior gyri of the left frontal lobe only.
What are the functional roles of the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) region of the frontal lobe?
The PFC (both R & L lobes) of the frontal cortex functions include:
(i) behavioural control / impulse control,
(ii) attention
(iii) working memory,
(iv) problem solving, &
(v) decision making.
At its most fundamental, the cerebral hemispheres function to:
Sensory perception occurs in:
(i)
(ii)
Sensory perception occurs in
(i) primary sensory areas
(ii) unimodal sensory areas
Processing sensory information and decision making regarding responses to sensory information occurs in?
(i)
(i) Multi-modal sensory association areas.
Which areas control the planning and response to sensory information?
(i)
(ii)
Response to sensory information is planned end executed
(i) primary motor areas, &
(ii) association motor areas.
Perception of sensory information occurs in the (i) primary sensory cortical regions and (ii) the unimodal sensory areas.
List the three primary sensory cortical regions and what they are responsible for.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a) Primary somatosensory cortex - sense of touch (texture, pressure & location).
(b) Primary visual cortex - sight (colour, contrast, edges & light / dark).
(c) Primary auditory cortex - hearing (simple sounds, pitch & tone).
What regions of the brain is represented in this diagram?
The primary sensory cortices are highlighted in this diagram. These are responsible for basic sensory perception. They include:
(a) Primary somatosensory cortex - sense of touch (texture, pressure & location).
(b) Primary visual cortex - sight (colour, contrast, edges & light / dark).
(c) Primary auditory cortex - hearing (simple sounds, pitch & tone).
Review the structure labelled in this diagram and outline its role (perception; processing; decision making; planing and executing response) & provide specific examples.
The somatosensory cortex is a primary sensory area, it is responsible for perception, specifically touch including location, pressure and texture.
Review the region identified in the image and provide its role (perception, processing, decision making, planning and executing) as well as some specific examples.
The primary auditory cortex is involved in perception, specifically of simple sounds, pitch and tone.
Review the region identified in the image and list the primary role of this region (perception, processing, decision making or planning and execution of a response), providing specific examples of its role.
The primary visual cortex is responsible for the perception of visual input, specifically colours, contrast, light / dark and edges.
What is the role of unimodal sensory association areas within the cerebral cortex?
Unimodal sensory association areas are responsible for detailed perception of stimuli.
They are located adjacent to primary sensory areas.
For example the temporal visual association areas help detect faces, animals & trees; the temporal auditory areas aid in the identification of specific sounds (ie bird calls); the parietal somatosensory area helps with spatial awareness, stereognosis & graphaesthesia.
What is the role of multimodal areas? How many multimodal areas have been identified within the cerebral cortex?
Multimodal areas of the cortex process information coming from different sensory association areas.
Three.
What are the regions of the brain called that have the highest level of cortical control?
Multimodal areas are considered to have the highest cortical control.
Describe where the posterior multi modal association area (PMMAA) is within the cerebral hemispheres.
Located on both R & L sides in and around the areas of the supra-marginal gyrus (posterior aspect of temporal lobe superior upward infecting gyrus).
Describe where the anterior multi modal association area (AMMAA) is located within the cerebral hemispheres.
The Anterior multi modal association area is located in the prefrontal cortex of the R & L frontal lobes.
Label the attached drawings of the multimodal association areas of the brain (the regions of highest cortical control).
Describe where the limbic multimodal association area (LMMAA) is located.
The limbic multimodal association area is located within the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, the cingulate gyrus and the orbitofrontal cortex.
What does this image represent? Provide their collective function and label each region identified.
Describe where the primary somatosensory cortex lies.
Broadmann areas?
The primary somatosensory cortex lies within the post central gyrus.
Broadmann areas 1, 2, 3.
Describe where the primary visual cortex lies.
Broadmann areas?
The primary visual cortex lies within the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus (visible in the sagittal section only).
Broadmann area 17
Describe where the primary auditory cortex is located.
Broadmann areas?
The primary auditory cortex is located within the temporal lobe, specifically the superior wall of the superior temporal gyrus.
Broadmann areas 41 & 42
What is the role of the unimodal sensory area identified in the image (Red arrow & box)??
Broadmann’s area?
The role of the parietal somatosensory association area is to recognise spatial awareness, steroegnosis (depth perception / 3D), and graphaesthesia (recognise symbols when traced on skin).
Broadmann’s area 5 & 7.
What is the role of the unimodal sensory area identified in the image (Red arrow & box)?
Broadmann’s area?
The role of the temporal auditory association area is the recognition of specific sounds (ie bird call).
Located in the superior temporal gyrus.
Broadmann’s area 22.
What is the role of the unimodal sensory area identified in the image (Red arrow & box)?
Broadmann’s areas?
The role of the temporal visual association centre is to aid in the recognition of faces, animals, trees etc.
The visual association areas are located in the occipital lobe around the primary visual cortex and within the adjacent parietal and temporal lobes including the angular gyrus.
Broadmann’s area 18 & 19
What is the name of the special area within the temporal auditory association area?
Werneike’s Area is a special region within the temporal association area which is located at the posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus.
Describe the locations of the auditory association areas.
Within the occipital lobe and adjacent parietal and temporal lobes including the angular gyrus.
Broadmann’s areas 18 & 19.
There is one primary motor cortex in the brain. Where is it located?
The primary motor cortex is located in the pre-central gyrus.
How many association motor cortical areas are there?
Broadmann’s numbers?
There are two association motor cortical areas, the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area.
What is the role of the two motor association areas of the cortex?
The premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area are responsible for motor planning and the premotor cortex additionally functions to execute movements.
What is the name of the specialised area dedicated to planning speech and writing?
Broca’s Area
Label the image and detail what the role of this area is?
The role of Broca’s area is in the planning of speech and writing.
Label the image and detail the role of this area of the brain.
This image demonstrates the frontal visual eye field, which is responsible for horizontal conjugate gaze (looking R to L in horizontal plane smoothly).
Label all of the cortical motor areas on the image.
Which motor cortical area is located in the posterior aspect of the inferior frontal gyrus?
Broca’s area: planning speech and writing.
Which motor cortical area is located anterior and adjacent to the central gyrus.
The primary motor cortex is located within the precentral gyrus, anterior and adjacent to the central gyrus.
Which motor cortical area is located adjacent and anterior to the pre-central gyrus?
The premotor cortex and supplementary motor area are located anterior to the primary motor area which is contained by the pre-central gyrus.
What are the names of the 2 unimodal motor cortical areas?
The unimoal motor cortical areas are called the
(i) Premotor cortex (planning & execution of movement).
(ii) Supplemental motor area (planning of movement).
Which motor cortical area is located in the posterior aspect of the middle frontal gyrus?
The frontal visual eye field is located within the posterior aspect of the middle front gyrus.
Review the overview of how the cortical areas work together to conduct high level functioning
