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M2B2 Anatomy > Cortical Areas > Flashcards

Cortical Areas Flashcards

1
Q

Perception of language, and speech are controlled by the…………. hemisphere.

A

dominant

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2
Q

……………. are interpreted by the nondominant hemisphere.

A

Locative perception,
recognition of faces,
music

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3
Q

Frontal Cortical Areas are :

A
  • Primary motor cortex (area 4)
  • Premotor cortex (area 6)
  • Supplementary motor area
  • Frontal eye field (area 8)
  • Motor (Broca) speech (Areas 44 & 45)
  • Prefrontal cortex (Areas 9, 10, 11 & 12)
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4
Q

Primary motor cortex (area 4)
Function:
Site :

A
  • Execution of fine district skilled movement (distal muscles). (is not responsible for design of pattern of movement)
  • Precentral gyrus and in the anterior part of the paracentral lobule.
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5
Q

Primary motor cortex (area 4)

Arterial supply

A
  • MCA: all except

- ACA : upper part of area 4 and parade trail lobule

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6
Q

Primary motor cortex (area 4)

-Effect of Lesion:

A
  1. Contralateral UMNL

2. Bilateral lesions of paracentral lobule lead to urinary incntinence

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7
Q

Premotor cortex (area 6)

  • site :
  • function:
A
  • Anterior to the precentral gyrus
    1. Stores programs of motor activity as the result of past experience.
    2. Design the sequential pattern the activity of the primary motor area.
    3. Controls coarse postural movements (control of proximal muscles).
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8
Q 
Premotor cortex (area 6)
- arterial supply
A
  1. Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA): for the whole area 4 (Except???)
  2. Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA): for upper part of area 4 and paracentral lobule.
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9
Q 
Premotor cortex (area 6)
- lesion
A

Lesions in the dominant hemisphere may cause motor apraxia in the left hand.

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10
Q

Supplementary motor area

  • site :
  • Function :
A

-on the medial surface of the hemisphere anterior to the paracentral lobule.
****
1. Fixation movements of different segments of the body (control of proximal limb
muscles to orient the body for movement).
2. Positional movements of the head and eyes.
3. Background for the finer motor control of the arms and hands by the premotor
area and M1 (programming motor sequences).

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11
Q

Supplementary motor area

- arterial supply

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

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12
Q

Supplementary motor area

- Effect of Lesion

A
  1. Transient speech deficits or aphasias.

2. Bilateral lesions result in hypertonus of the flexor muscles but no paralysis.

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13
Q

Frontal eye field (area 8)

  • site :
  • function:
A

-in the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus.
****
➢ projects via the corticobulbar tract to the contralateral lateral gaze center of the pons (abducent nucleus).
➢ Stimulation (irritative lesion) results in deviation of the eyes to the opposite side.

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14
Q

Frontal eye field (area 8)

Arterial Supply

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

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15
Q

Frontal eye field (area 8)

Effect of Lesion:

A

➢ deviation of the eyes toward the side of the lesion.

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16
Q

Motor (Broca) speech (Areas 44 & 45)
Site:
Function

A
  • in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the (((bdominant hemispheres)))

➢ Formation of words by its connections with the adjacent primary motor areas.
➢ The muscles involved are: larynx, mouth, tongue, soft palate, and the respiratory
muscles. lips , inter costal , diaphragm.

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17
Q

Motor (Broca) speech (Areas 44 & 45)

Arterial Supply

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

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18
Q

Motor (Broca) speech (Areas 44 & 45)

Effect of Lesion

A

➢ Broca, Motor, expressive, nonfluent, or anterior aphasia.

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19
Q

Prefrontal cortex (Areas 9, 10, 11 & 12)

  • site
  • function
A

➢ Anterior parts of:

  1. Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri.
  2. Medial frontal gyrus.
  3. Cingulate gyrus.
    * **

1) Makeup of the individual’s personality & person’s depth of feeling.
2) Determining the initiative and judgment of an individual.

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20
Q 
Prefrontal cortex (Areas 9, 10, 11 & 12)
Arterial Supply
A

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

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21
Q 
Prefrontal cortex (Areas 9, 10, 11 & 12)
Effect of  Lesion
A

➢ Frontal lobe syndrome (Phineas Gage syndrome)

22
Q

Parietal Cortical Areas

A
  1. Primary somesthetic area (Physiology Lectures)
  2. Secondary somesthetic area (Physiology Lectures)
  3. Somesthetic association area (Physiology Lectures)
  4. Taste area (Area 43).
  5. Vestibular area.
23
Q

Temporal Cortical Areas

A
  1. Primary auditory area (areas 41 and 42).
  2. Secondary auditory area (auditory association cortex) (area 22).
  3. Sensory speech area of Wernicke.
24
Q

Occipital Cortical Areas

A
  1. Primary visual area (Area 17).

2. Secondary visual area (Areas 18 and 19).

25
Q 
Taste area (Area 43)
Site
A

at the lower end of the postcentral gyrus in
the superior wall of the lateral sulcus and in
the adjoining area of the insula

26
Q 
Taste area (Area 43)
Function
A

Receives Ascending fibers from the ventral
posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus which
receives ascending fibers from nucleus
solitarius.

27
Q 
Taste area (Area 43)
Arterial supply
A

MCA

28
Q 
Taste area (Area 43)
Effect of lesion
A

Ageusia: loss of the sensation of taste (gustation) 🔴associates withe epilepsy

29
Q

Vestibular area

Site

A

In the postcentral gyrus opposite the auditory area in the superior temporal gyrus.

30
Q

Vestibular area

Function

A

Orientation of positions and movements of

the head in space.

31
Q

Vestibular area

Arterial supply

A

MAC

32
Q

Vestibular area

Effect of Lesion

A

Disequilibrium

33
Q

Primary auditory area (areas 41 and 42)

Site

A

Middle of superior temporal gyrus.

34
Q

Primary auditory area (areas 41 and 42)

Function

A

➢ The anterior part: is concerned with reception of low frequency sounds (noises)
➢ The posterior part: is concerned with reception of high frequency sounds (whistle).

35
Q

Primary auditory area (areas 41 and 42)

Arterial supply

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

36
Q

Primary auditory area (areas 41 and 42)

Effect of Lesion

A

➢ bilateral diminution of hearing mainly on the opposite side.

37
Q

Secondary auditory area (area 22)

Site

A

Middle of superior temporal gyrus.

38
Q

Secondary auditory area (area 22)

Function

A

➢ Interpretation of sounds and for the
association of the auditory input with other
sensory information.

39
Q

Secondary auditory area (area 22)

Supply

A

MCA

40
Q

Secondary auditory area (area 22)

Effect of Lesion

A

The patient may experience word deafness

acoustic verbal agnosia

41
Q

Sensory speech area of Wernicke

Site

A

➢ Left dominant hemisphere, mainly in the superior temporal gyrus
🔴🔴➢ Receives fibers from the visual cortex in the occipital lobe and the auditory cortex in
the superior temporal gyrus.

42
Q

Sensory speech area of Wernicke

Function

A

➢ Connected to the Broca area by a bundle of nerve fibers called the arcuate fasciculus.
➢ Permits the understanding of the written and spoken language and enables a person to
read a sentence, understand it, and say it out loud

43
Q

Sensory speech area of Wernicke

Arterial supply

A

MCA

44
Q

Sensory speech area of Wernicke

Effect of Lesion

A

➢ Auditory agnosia: inability to interpret the significance of sound; seen in wernicke dysphasia/aphasia.

45
Q

Primary visual area (Area 17).

Site

A

Around the occipital pole onto the lateral & medial surfaces of the hemisphere

46
Q

Primary visual area (Area 17).

Function

A

➢ The visual cortex receives fibers from the temporal half of the ipsilateral retina and the
nasal half of the contralateral retina.
➢ The macula lutea (is the central area of the retina and the area for most perfect vision) is
represented in the posterior part of area 17 and accounts for one third of the visual
cortex.

47
Q

Primary visual area (Area 17).

Arterial supply

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) anastomosis with Middle cerebral artery (MCA). ➡️ macula lutea

48
Q

Primary visual area (Area 17).

Effect of Lesion

A

➢ Lesion in 1ry visual cortex: Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing.

49
Q

Secondary visual area (Areas 18 & 19).

Function

A

➢ Relate the visual information received by the primary visual area to🔴 past visual experiences🔴, thus enabling the individual to recognize and appreciate what he or she is
seeing.

50
Q

Secondary visual area (Areas 18 & 19).

Arterial Supply

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) anastomosis with Middle cerebral artery (MCA).

51
Q

Secondary visual area (Areas 18 & 19).

Effect of Lesion

A

➢ Visual hallucination.

➢ Visual agnosia: Inability to recognize objects by sight.

M2B2 Anatomy (7 decks)

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