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MSK > cortext notes > Flashcards

cortext notes Flashcards

1
Q

why might pain produced in groin/hip radiate to the knee?

A

both supplied by obbturator nerve –> referred pain

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2
Q

secondary causes of AVN

A

alcohol abuse
steroids
hyperlipidaemia
thrombophilia

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3
Q

imaging of AVN

A

early changes may only show on MRI

xray - lytic zone gives rise to hanging rope sign

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4
Q

management of AVN

A

(pre-collapse)
->drill holls into femoral neck of abnormal area to relieve pressure

(collapse) = total hip replacement

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5
Q

what ages do patellar tendon ruptures typically occur?

A

under 40s

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6
Q

what age do quadriceps tendon ruptures typically occur?

A

over 40s

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7
Q

what should be avoided in the management of extensor mechanism tendonitis?

A

steroid injections

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8
Q

which antibiotics can predispose tendonitis?

A

quinolones - ciprofloxacin etc

also rheumatoid arthritis, gout

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9
Q

lumbar spine red flgs

A

back pain in <20yrs
NEW back pain in >60
constant, severe, worse at night
systemic upset

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10
Q

saddle anaesthesia, bilateral symptoms, altered bowel habits, initial investigation?

A

PR !! then MRI

cauda equina

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11
Q

ortho probs in downs

A

recurrent patella dislocation

atlanto-axial dislocation

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12
Q

inheritance of duchennes

A

x-linked RECESSIVE

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13
Q

which has a worse prognosis duchennes or beckets muscle dystrophy

A

duchennes

beckers live longer

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14
Q

spastic cerebral palsy

A

commonest 70%
upper motor neurons
scissor gate
hypertonia, tight/stiff muscles

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15
Q

dyskinetic cerebral palsy

A

(athenoid)
basal ganglia
random, involuntary movement
chorea - dance like movements

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16
Q

ataxic cerebral palsy

A

cerebellum
shaky, uncoordinated
problems with precise movement

17
Q

Mx of cerebral palsy

A

baclofen - injected into subarachnoid space

botox injections

18
Q

hemiplegia

A

arm + leg on same side

19
Q

diplegia

A

just legs

arms a lil

20
Q

what babies are at risk of obsteric brachial plexus palsy

A

big babies, diabetes, twins

21
Q

erbs palsy in babies

A

waiters tip hand
upper C5+C6 damage

prognosis - return of biceps at 6 months, 80-90% go away

22
Q

Klumpke’s

A

obsteric brachial pleuxus palsy
C8 + T1
worse prognosis than erbs, 50% recover

wrist extended but like dropped also ?

23
Q

flexible vs rigid flat feet

A

flexible = arch on dorsiflexion

rigid = remains flat - underlying -> tarsal coalition

24
Q

ponseti method

A

talipes

–>after corrected, boots+bar till 3/4yrs so doesnt reoccur

25
Q

in a myelomeningocele, what does the herniation contain?

A

cerebrospinal fluid
meninges
spinal cord/cauda equina

26
Q

polio

A

virus enters GI, flu-like illness, motor neurons affected, typically manifesting as weakness of group muscle withi a single limb, sesation preserved

motor anterior horn cells affected
residual paralysis, shortening of limbs

27
Q

ligament ruptured in patellar dislocation

A

medial patello-femoral ligament

lateral disloaction, medial ligament tear

28
Q

commonest cause of paediatric hip pain

A

transient synovitis

29
Q

mildest form of spina bifida

A

spina bifida occulta

high arched foot, clawing toes, neurological symtpoms

30
Q

varus/valgus derformities throughout growth

A

birth - varus
neutrally aligned by 14months
progressing to 10/15 degrees valgus by age 3

regress to physiological 6 degrees valgus by 7-9

31
Q

back pain worse on coughing

A

acute disc tear

-> outer annulus fibrosis of disc, periphery is richly innervated (super sore)

32
Q

who are at greater risk of atraumatic cervical spine instbility

A

rheumatoid arthritis + downs

atlanto-axial (C1/C2)
subluxation

33
Q

acute angular defority seen in sagittal plane

A

(from side)

Gibbus

34
Q

peripheral arterial disease VS spinal stenosis

A

pad = calf pain is worse on walking uphill

spinal stenosis = worse DOWNHILL

35
Q

which nerve would be impinged in a lateral L4/L5 prolapse

A

exiting L4 nerve

36
Q

which nerve would be impinged in a paracentral L4/L5 disc prolapse

A

L5 nerve (travesing)

MSK (14 decks)

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